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Begleitende Evaluierung des Investitionsgesetzes Kohleregionen (InvKG) und des STARK-Bundesprogramms: Zwischenbericht 2025

Author

Listed:
  • Brachert, Matthias
  • Dehio, Jochen
  • Heinisch, Katja
  • Holtemöller, Oliver
  • Kirsch, Florian
  • Krause, Clara
  • Mühlbauer, Silvia
  • Neumann, Uwe
  • Rothgang, Michael Benjamin
  • Schmidt, Torsten
  • Schult, Christoph
  • Solms, Anna
  • Titze, Mirko

Abstract

Das Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) sieht eine Reduktion der deutschen Treibhausgasemissionen bis zum Jahr 2030 um 65% gegenüber den Emissionen im Jahr 1990 vor. Der Ausstieg aus der thermischen Verwertung der Kohle (vor allem der Braunkohle) leistet einen substanziellen Beitrag zum Erreichen dieser Ziele. Der Kohleausstieg stellt die Braunkohlereviere (und die Standorte der Steinkohlekraftwerke) jedoch vor strukturpolitische Herausforderungen. Um den Strukturwandel in diesen Regionen aktiv zu gestalten, hat der Bundestag im August 2020 mit Zustimmung des Bundesrats das Strukturstärkungsgesetz Kohleregionen (StStG) beschlossen. Über dieses Gesetz stellt der Bund bis zum Jahr 2038 Finanzhilfen in Höhe von 41,09 Mrd. Euro zur Verfügung. Im Fokus der Politikmaßnahmen stehen verschiedene Ziele, vor allem gesamtwirtschaftliche (Wertschöpfung, Wachstum, Steueraufkommen), wettbewerbliche (Produktivität), arbeitsmarktpolitische (Beschäftigung, Beschäftigungsstrukturen), verteilungspolitische (regionale Disparitäten) sowie klimapolitische (Treibhausgasreduzierung, Nachhaltigkeit). Die im StStG vorgesehenen strukturpolitischen Interventionen umfassen ein breites Maßnahmenbündel. Das Gesetz fordert eine begleitende wissenschaftliche Evaluierung des Gesetzes. Bei dem vorliegenden Bericht handelt es sich um das dritte Dokument in diesem Evaluierungszyklus. Der erste Bericht (Brachert u.a., 2023) präsentierte ein erstes Lagebild nach dem Start der im Rahmen des Investitionsgesetzes Kohleregionen (InvKG) und des STARK-Bundesprogramms geplanten Maßnahmen. Der zweite Bericht (Brachert u.a., 2025) enthielt eine Aktualisierung und erweiterte Aussagen zu den möglichen Effekten der Maßnahmen aus dem InvKG. An diesem Punkt setzt der vorliegende Zwischenbericht 2025 an. Es gehen immer mehr Maßnahmen in die Umsetzung, wodurch der Strukturwandel an Fahrt aufnimmt. Jedoch bleibt auch für diesen Bericht zu berücksichtigen, dass viele der geplanten Maßnahmen noch nicht oder gerade erst begonnen haben, was bei einer fast zwanzigjährigen Laufzeit des Programms naheliegend ist. Die in diesem Bericht vorgelegten empirischen Analysen basieren auf dem Datenstand vom 31.12.2024, also rund viereinhalb Jahre nachdem das InvKG in Kraft getreten ist.

Suggested Citation

  • Brachert, Matthias & Dehio, Jochen & Heinisch, Katja & Holtemöller, Oliver & Kirsch, Florian & Krause, Clara & Mühlbauer, Silvia & Neumann, Uwe & Rothgang, Michael Benjamin & Schmidt, Torsten & Schult, 2025. "Begleitende Evaluierung des Investitionsgesetzes Kohleregionen (InvKG) und des STARK-Bundesprogramms: Zwischenbericht 2025," IWH Studies 3/2025, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwhstu:331887
    DOI: 10.18717/sy6dd-ns70
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    References listed on IDEAS

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