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Scientific literature on carbon dioxide removal revealed as much larger through AI-enhanced systematic mapping

Author

Listed:
  • Lück, Sarah
  • Callaghan, Max
  • Borchers, Malgorzata
  • Cowie, Annette
  • Fuss, Sabine
  • Gidden, Matthew
  • Hartmann, Jens
  • Kammann, Claudia
  • Keller, David P.
  • Kraxner, Florian
  • Lamb, William F.
  • Mac Dowell, Niall
  • Müller-Hansen, Finn
  • Nemet, Gregory F.
  • Probst, Benedict S.
  • Renforth, Phil
  • Repke, Tim
  • Rickels, Wilfried
  • Schulte, Ingrid
  • Smith, Pete
  • Smith, Stephen M.
  • Thrän, Daniela
  • Troxler, Tiffany G.
  • Sick, Volker
  • van der Spek, Mijndert
  • Minx, Jan C.

Abstract

Carbon dioxide removal plays an important role in any strategy to limit global warming to well below 2 °C. Keeping abreast with the scientific evidence using rigorous evidence synthesis methods is an important prerequisite for sustainably scaling these methods. Here, we use artificial intelligence to provide a comprehensive systematic map of carbon dioxide removal research. We find a total of 28,976 studies on carbon dioxide removal—3–4 times more than previously suggested. Growth in research is faster than for the field of climate change research as a whole, but very concentrated in specific areas—such as biochar, certain research methods like lab and field experiments, and particular regions like China. Patterns of carbon dioxide removal research contrast with trends in patenting and deployment, highlighting the differing development stages of these technologies. As carbon dioxide removal gains importance for the Paris climate goals, our systematic map can support rigorous evidence synthesis for the IPCC and other assessments.

Suggested Citation

  • Lück, Sarah & Callaghan, Max & Borchers, Malgorzata & Cowie, Annette & Fuss, Sabine & Gidden, Matthew & Hartmann, Jens & Kammann, Claudia & Keller, David P. & Kraxner, Florian & Lamb, William F. & Mac, 2025. "Scientific literature on carbon dioxide removal revealed as much larger through AI-enhanced systematic mapping," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 323986, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:323986
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61485-8
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