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Der Effekt von klimapolitischen Maßnahmen auf CO₂-Emissionen und CO₂-Fußabdrücke

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  • Peterson, Sonja
  • Wanner, Joschka
  • Felbermayr, Gabriel

Abstract

Die Europäische Union (EU) hat den Klimaschutz zu einer der obersten politischen Prioritäten der nächsten Jahre erklärt und will der erste klimaneutrale Kontinent werden. Im Europäischen Green Deal wird entsprechend festgehalten, dass die Nettoemissionen der EU insgesamt bis 2050 auf null sinken sollen. 1 Hierzu wurden erst im April 2021 die Zwischenziele verschärft. Gegenüber 1990 sollen die Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2030 nun um 55 Prozent absinken. 2 Diese Ziele sollen mit einer Vielzahl von Instrumenten erreicht werden; ein wichtiger Baustein stellt hier die CO2-Bepreisung dar. So muss im EU- Emissionshandelssystem (EU-EHS), das mit dem Industriesektor und dem Stromsektor bereits knapp die Hälfte der EU Treibhausgasemissionen umfasst, die Größe des EU-CO2-Budgets (der Anzahl verfügbarer CO2-Emissionszertifikate) sehr deutlich sinken; und der CO2-Preis sehr deutlich steigen. Nach einer Studie der EU Kommission könnte der Preis auf 65 Euro pro Tonne steigen. 3 In weiterer Folge müsste der Preis noch höher liegen, um das Netto-Null Ziel zu erreichen und die Bepreisung muss auf weitere Sektoren ausgeweitet werden. Andere Länder wie u.a. die USA und China wollen ebenfalls im Laufe des Jahrhunderts klimaneutral werden, bislang sind die klimapolitischen Anstrengungen aber nicht mit denen der EU vergleichbar. Entsprechend wird die Gefahr gesehen, dass es zu einer Verlagerung der CO2-intensiven Produktion ins Ausland (Carbon Leakage), und zur Substitution heimischer Produktion durch Importe kommt. Dies würde bedeuten, dass zwar die in der EU entstehenden Emissionen (die territoriale Emissionen) durch die EU- Klimapolitik sinken, aber die Emissionen, die bei der Produktion der von der EU konsumierten Güter und Dienstleistungen entstehen (der CO2-Fußabdruck) nicht notwendigerweise im gleichen Umfang. In dieser Studie geht es darum, über die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Emissionsarten konzeptuelle und empirische Klarheit zu schaffen und insbesondere die Effekte von klimapolitischen Maßnahmen auf territoriale CO2-Emissionen und CO2-Fußabdrücken zu analysieren. (...)

Suggested Citation

  • Peterson, Sonja & Wanner, Joschka & Felbermayr, Gabriel, 2021. "Der Effekt von klimapolitischen Maßnahmen auf CO₂-Emissionen und CO₂-Fußabdrücke," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 317051, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:317051
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Aichele, Rahel & Felbermayr, Gabriel, 2012. "Kyoto and the carbon footprint of nations," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 336-354.
    5. World Bank, "undated". "State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020 [Situación y tendencias de la fijación del precio al carbono 2020]," World Bank Publications - Reports 33809, The World Bank Group.
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