IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/ifwkdp/95.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Die allgemeinen Zollpräferenzen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft für Entwicklungsländer: Fehlschlag oder Erfolg? Eine kritische Bewertung der ersten Dekade

Author

Listed:
  • Langhammer, Rolf J.

Abstract

Einseitige Zollpräferenzen der EG für Entwicklungsländer haben bislang die Industriegüterexporte aus Entwicklungsländern nicht so stimuliert, wie es von diesen erhofft wurde. Ärmere Länder konnten von den Präferenzen nicht profitieren, weil ihre Exportengpässe auf der Angebotsseite liegen. Angebotsstarke Länder hingegen durften von den Präferenzen nicht zu stark profitieren, weil die EG sowohl die Schutzinteressen heimischer Anbieter als auch ärmerer Länder und Nichtbegünstigter glaubte berücksichtigen zu müssen. Das Bestreben, jedem gerecht zu werden, führte zu vielfältigen produkt- und länderspezifischen Höchstgrenzen für zollfreie oder –ermäßigte Einfuhren, restriktiven Ursprungsregeln, die die internationale Arbeitsteilung behindern, und ad-hoc-Entscheidungen über den Präferenzstatus eines Gutes. Das Präferenzschema ist somit sehr kompliziert und belastet sowohl Importeure als auch Exporteure und Investoren mit hohen Informations- und Unsicherheitskosten. Klare Unterschiede in der Bedeutung von Präferenzeinfuhren auf einzelnen EG-Mitgliedsmärkten deuten einerseits auf eine protektionistische Haltung hin (Frankreich), andererseits auf eine relativ liberale Praxis (Dänemark). Zollpräferenzen sind nicht zuletzt wegen des bereits niedrigen Zollniveaus der EG zum 'Nebenkriegsschauplatz' im Kampf um Marktzugang geworden. Die Industrieländer zeigen sich daher hier nachgiebiger als auf dem Feld nichttarifärer Hemmnisse.

Suggested Citation

  • Langhammer, Rolf J., 1983. "Die allgemeinen Zollpräferenzen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft für Entwicklungsländer: Fehlschlag oder Erfolg? Eine kritische Bewertung der ersten Dekade," Kiel Discussion Papers 95, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:95
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/386/1/024684198.PDF
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Baldwin, R E & Murray, Tracy, 1977. "MFN Tariff Reductions and Developing Country Trade Benefits under the GSP," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 87(345), pages 30-46, March.
    2. André Sapir, 1981. "Trade benefits under the EEC generalized system of preferences," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/8290, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    3. Finger, J M & Kreinin, M E, 1979. "A Measure of 'Export Similarity' and Its Possible Uses," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 89(356), pages 905-912, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Roland Siebeke, 1989. "Is the GSP antiquated?," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 24(6), pages 298-302, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dale Truett & Lila Truett, 1993. "Trade preferences and exports of manufactures: A case study of Bolivia and Brazil," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 129(3), pages 573-590, September.
    2. Ingo Borchert, 2009. "Trade diversion under selective preferential market access," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 42(4), pages 1390-1410, November.
    3. Mayda, Anna Maria & Ludema, Rodney D & McClure, Jonathan C. F., 2015. "Dragons, Giants, Elephants and Mice: Evolution of the MFN Free Rider Problem in the WTO Era," CEPR Discussion Papers 10961, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Maria Persson & Fredrik Wilhelmsson, 2016. "EU Trade Preferences and Export Diversification," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(1), pages 16-53, January.
    5. McCalla, Alex F., 1992. "GATT, Preferential/Regional Trading Blocks and Agricultural Trade," 1992 Conference (36th), February 10-13, 1992, Canberra, Australia 146544, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    6. Christie, Andrew, 2009. "Special and Differential Treatment in the GATT: A Pyrrhic Victory for Developing Countries," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 10(2), pages 1-22.
    7. Persson, Maria & Wilhelmsson, Fredrik, 2006. "Assessing the Effects of EU Trade Preferences for Developing Countries," Working Papers 2006:4, Lund University, Department of Economics, revised 26 Jun 2006.
    8. Doukoure Charle Fe, 2021. "Trade flows between the West African Economic and Monetary Union's members so little: does exports structure matter ?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(2), pages 816-833.
    9. Noland, Marcus, 1997. "Has Asian export performance been unique?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1-2), pages 79-101, August.
    10. Kuroiwa, Ikuo, 2014. "Value added trade and structure of high-technology exports in China," IDE Discussion Papers 449, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    11. Zelal Kotan & Serdar Sayan, 2001. "A Comparison Of The Price Competitiveness Of Turkish And South East Asian Exports In The European Union Market In The 1990s," Discussion Papers 0102, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
    12. Dutt, Pushan & Mihov, Ilian & Van Zandt, Timothy, 2013. "The effect of WTO on the extensive and the intensive margins of trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 204-219.
    13. Linnemann, Hans & Verbruggen, Harmen, 1991. "GSTP tariff reduction and its effects on south-south trade in manufactures," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 539-551, May.
    14. Nuno Limão & Marcelo Olarreaga, 2018. "Trade Preferences to Small Developing Countries and the Welfare Costs of Lost Multilateral Liberalization," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Policy Externalities and International Trade Agreements, chapter 15, pages 403-426, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    15. Langhammer, Rolf J., 1980. "Effekte der Handelsschaffung und Handelsumlenkung," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 3691, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    16. Bahar, Dany & Hausmann, Ricardo & Hidalgo, Cesar A., 2014. "Neighbors and the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations: Evidence of international knowledge diffusion?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(1), pages 111-123.
    17. Lord, Montague, 2000. "Viet Nam: Small Scale Technical assistance for Capacity Building of Ministry of Finance to Support Tariff, Industry and Subsidy Analysis for the WTO Accession," MPRA Paper 41158, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Evžen Kočenda & Karen Poghosyan, 2018. "Export Sophistication: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(12), pages 2799-2814, September.
    19. Wani, Nassir Ul Haq, 2020. "Latency and Economic Concert of India’s Trade with Russia: An Empirical Investigation," MPRA Paper 104716, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Nov 2020.
    20. Gómez-Limón, José A. & Gutiérrez-Martín, Carlos & Riesgo, Laura, 2016. "Modeling at farm level: Positive Multi-Attribute Utility Programming," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 17-27.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:95. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iwkiede.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.