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Konsequenzen der Integration im Agrar- und Ernährungssektor zwischen Beitrittsländern und EU-15

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  • Frohberg, Klaus
  • Hartmann, Monika

Abstract

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Konsequenzen der Integration im Agrar- und Ernäh-rungssektor zwischen den mittel- und osteuropäischen Anrainerstaaten und der EU. Die Analyse weist auf erhebliche strukturelle Probleme in vielen der zehn mitteleuropäischen Beitrittsländer (MEL) im Agrarbereich hin. So hat der Transformationsprozess in den meisten der MEL zu einer zum Teil bedeutenden Fragmentierung der Agrarstruktur geführt. Hier-durch wird die effiziente Nutzung der gegebenen Produktionsfaktoren zumindest mittel- und langfristig erschwert. Darüber hinaus wird die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Land- sowie der Er-nährungswirtschaft durch das niedrige Investitionsniveau behindert. Weitere Probleme erge-ben sich im nachgelagerten Sektor als Folge erheblicher Überkapazitäten und Mängel in den Bereichen Produkt- sowie Prozeßqualität. Verzögerungen bzw. Unterlassungen in der Gestal-tung und Entwicklung von Institutionen haben in der Vergangenheit zu einer Verstärkung der genannten Unzulänglichkeiten geführt bzw. sind ein Grund, warum die aufgezeigten Defizite ein erhebliches Beharrungsvermögen aufweisen. Ein bedeutender Produktionsanstieg in der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft der MEL ist als Folge eines EU-Beitritts nicht zu erwarten. Dies bestätigen auch die hier vorgestellten Simulationsrechnungen. Die Modellanalysen zeigen darüber hinaus, daß durch die Übernahme der EU-Agrarpolitik mit finanziellen Auswirkungen sowohl für die Landwirtschaft als auch die Verbraucher in den MEL zu rech-nen ist. Die Einnahmen der Landwirtschaft inklusive der Bodeneigentümer nehmen in einer Größenordnung von 6,8 Mrd. Euro p. a. zu. Die Verbraucher erleiden dagegen Wohlfahrts-verluste von etwa 0,4 Mrd. Euro. Die Marktordnungskosten, die aus dem EU-Haushalt finan-ziert werden, betragen knapp 7,5 Mrd. Euro. In den Beitrittsländern sind noch erhebliche Anstrengungen notwendig, um die Landwirt-schaft und besonders die Verarbeitungsindustrie in ihrer Wettbewerbskraft zu stärken, damit sie gegen die erhöhte Konkurrenz in einer erweiterten EU bestehen können. Zwei Bereiche kommen hierfür insbesondere in Frage; die Auflösung des Reformstaus bei der Gestaltung und Entwicklung von Institutionen sowie die Implementierung effizienter agrar- und regio-nalpolitische Maßnahmen.

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  • Frohberg, Klaus & Hartmann, Monika, 2001. "Konsequenzen der Integration im Agrar- und Ernährungssektor zwischen Beitrittsländern und EU-15," IAMO Discussion Papers 35, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:14888
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    1. Tillack, Peter & Schulze, Eberhard, 1998. "Unternehmens- und Betriebsstrukturen in der Landwirtschaft Mittel- und Osteuropas," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 47(03-04).
    2. Frohberg, Klaus & Hartmann, Monika, 1997. "Comparing measures of competitiveness," IAMO Discussion Papers 2, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Larry Martin & Randall Westgren & Erna van Duren, 1991. "Agribusiness Competitiveness across National Boundaries," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 73(5), pages 1456-1464.
    4. Babcock, Bruce A. & Beghin, John C. & Mohanty, Samarendu & Fuller, Frank H. & Chaudhary, Sudhir & Fabiosa, Jacinto F. & Kovarik, Karen & Hart, Chad E. & Fang, Cheng & Kaus, Phillip J. & Naik, Manta & , 1999. "FAPRI 1999 World Agricultural Outlook," FAPRI Staff Reports 32050, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI).
    5. Hartmann, Monika, 2001. "The Dairy Sector in the Central European Candidate (CEC) Countries – The Status of Restructuring and Future Challenges," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 50(06), pages 1-12.
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    1. Frohberg, Klaus & Weber, Gerald, 2002. "Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung im Agrarbereich," IAMO Discussion Papers 42, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. Hinners-Tobragel, Ludger & Keszthelyi, Krisztian, 2002. "Zur Bedeutung von EU-Direktzahlungen für landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen in Ungarn," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 51(08), pages 1-7.

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