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Konsequenzen Der Integration Im Agrar- Und Ernährungssektor Zwischen Beitrittslandern Und Eu-15

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  • Frohberg, Klaus
  • Hartmann, Monika

Abstract

The consequences of integration of the agricultural and food sectors between the Central and Eastern European candidate countries and the EU are investigated in this paper. The analysis indicates substantial structural problems in the agricultural sector of most Central European countries (CECs). In most of these countries, the transition process resulted in a highly fragmented farm structure. This impedes the efficient use of the given production factors, at least in the medium and long term. Furthermore, the competitiveness of both sectors is hampered by low investments. Additional problems in the downstream sector are the result of significant excess capacities and insufficient product and process qualities. Delays and failures in creating and developing institutions has led to a reinforcement of these problems and is an important reason why these deficits are very persistent. EU-accession of the CECs will not result in a significant increase in production of agriculture and the food processing industry. This is confirmed by simulation results presented in this paper. Moreover, the analysis shows that farmers including land owners in CECs are likely to benefit from the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU at about 6,8 billion Euro per annum. In contrast, consumers may suffer a relatively small annual welfare loss of about 0,4 billion Euro. The CAP expenditures financed by the EU-budget amount up to 7,5 billion Euro per year. In the acceding countries, great efforts are still required to strengthen the competitiveness of agriculture and food processors so that they are able to stand up to the strong competition prevailing in the EU. For this, two aspects are particularly important; to make much stronger progress in creating new and adjusting existing institutions as well as to implement efficient agricultural and regional policies. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Konsequenzen der Integration im Agrar- und Ernäh-rungssektor zwischen den mittel- und osteuropäischen Anrainerstaaten und der EU. Die Analyse weist auf erhebliche strukturelle Probleme in vielen der zehn mitteleuropäischen Beitrittsländer (MEL) im Agrarbereich hin. So hat der Transformationsprozess in den meisten der MEL zu einer zum Teil bedeutenden Fragmentierung der Agrarstruktur geführt. Hier-durch wird die effiziente Nutzung der gegebenen Produktionsfaktoren zumindest mittel- und langfristig erschwert. Darüber hinaus wird die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Land- sowie der Er-nährungswirtschaft durch das niedrige Investitionsniveau behindert. Weitere Probleme erge-ben sich im nachgelagerten Sektor als Folge erheblicher Überkapazitäten und Mängel in den Bereichen Produkt- sowie Prozeßqualität. Verzögerungen bzw. Unterlassungen in der Gestal-tung und Entwicklung von Institutionen haben in der Vergangenheit zu einer Verstärkung der genannten Unzulänglichkeiten geführt bzw. sind ein Grund, warum die aufgezeigten Defizite ein erhebliches Beharrungsvermögen aufweisen. Ein bedeutender Produktionsanstieg in der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft der MEL ist als Folge eines EU-Beitritts nicht zu erwarten. Dies bestätigen auch die hier vorgestellten Simulationsrechnungen. Die Modellanalysen zeigen darüber hinaus, daß durch die Übernahme der EU-Agrarpolitik mit finanziellen Auswirkungen sowohl für die Landwirtschaft als auch die Verbraucher in den MEL zu rech-nen ist. Die Einnahmen der Landwirtschaft inklusive der Bodeneigentümer nehmen in einer Größenordnung von 6,8 Mrd. Euro p. a. zu. Die Verbraucher erleiden dagegen Wohlfahrts-verluste von etwa 0,4 Mrd. Euro. Die Marktordnungskosten, die aus dem EU-Haushalt finan-ziert werden, betragen knapp 7,5 Mrd. Euro. In den Beitrittsländern sind noch erhebliche Anstrengungen notwendig, um die Landwirt-schaft und besonders die Verarbeitungsindustrie in ihrer Wettbewerbskraft zu stärken, damit sie gegen die erhöhte Konkurrenz in einer erweiterten EU bestehen können. Zwei Bereiche kommen hierfür insbesondere in Frage; die Auflösung des Reformstaus bei der Gestaltung und Entwicklung von Institutionen sowie die Implementierung effizienter agrar- und regio-nalpolitische Maßnahmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Frohberg, Klaus & Hartmann, Monika, 2001. "Konsequenzen Der Integration Im Agrar- Und Ernährungssektor Zwischen Beitrittslandern Und Eu-15," IAMO Discussion Papers 14888, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:iamodp:14888
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.14888
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hartmann, Monika, 2001. "The Dairy Sector in the Central European Candidate (CEC) Countries – The Status of Restructuring and Future Challenges," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 50(06), pages 1-12.
    2. Tillack, Peter & Schulze, Eberhard, 1998. "Unternehmens- und Betriebsstrukturen in der Landwirtschaft Mittel- und Osteuropas," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 47(03-04).
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    5. Larry Martin & Randall Westgren & Erna van Duren, 1991. "Agribusiness Competitiveness across National Boundaries," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 73(5), pages 1456-1464.
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