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Relevanz der Zinsschranke: Eine empirische Untersuchung der betroffenen Unternehmen von 2008 bis 2012

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  • Alberternst, Stephan
  • Schwar, Torben

Abstract

Die Einführung der Zinsschranke im Zuge der Unternehmensteuerreform 2008 hat für rege Diskussionen in Theorie und Praxis darüber gesorgt, wie viele Unternehmen vom Zinsabzugsverbot überhaupt betroffen sind und in welchem Umfang. Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt nun, etwa sieben Jahre nach erstmaliger Anwendung der Regelung, eine rückblickende Perspektive ein und betrachtet die Relevanz im Bezug auf die Betroffenheit von der Zinsschranke auf Basis handelsrechtlicher Jahresabschlüsse der Jahre 2008 bis 2012. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Kapitalgesellschaften, geschätzte Zins- und EBITDA-Vorträge werden berücksichtigt. Wie sich zeigt, sind abhängig vom jeweiligen Jahr und den jeweils getroffenen Schätzannahmen zwischen 420 und 495 der 22.751 Unternehmen in der Stichprobe potentiell betroffen. Dieses approximierte Ergebnis gibt Anlass zur Befürchtung, dass die teils von der Politik proklamierte Zahl von maximal 300 betroffenen Unternehmen in der Grundgesamtheit überstiegen wird. Des Weiteren ergeben sich Hinweise darauf, dass ein großer Teil der Unternehmen, die von der Zinsschranke zumindest in einem Jahr potentiell betroffen sind, auch über einen längeren Zeitraum betroffen bleiben. Unter den mutmaßlich betroffenen Unternehmen erfahren schätzungsweise ca. 61% - 76% auch eine steuerliche Mehrbelastung durch die Zinsschranke, die in vielen Fällen die Steuerlast erheblich steigert. Zudem lassen die Daten vermuten, dass die Berücksichtigung von Zins- und EBITDA-Vorträgen grundsätzlich entlastend wirkt, es aber dennoch zu einer Anhäufung der Vorträge im Zeitablauf kommt. Die barwertige Summe der Steuermehraufwendungen sinkt um 12,80%, verglichen mit einem Szenario in dem derartige Vorträge nicht berücksichtigt werden. Darüber hinaus deutet sich an, dass den Unternehmen nur selten ein (vollständiger) Abbau der Zinsvorträge gelingt. Es zeigt sich zudem, dass potenziell betroffene Unternehmen tendenziell höhere Fremdkapitalquoten aufweisen und größer sind als nicht betroffene Unternehmen. Besonders problematisch dürfte sein, dass die betroffenen Unternehmen unter anderem durch eine niedrigere Rentabilität, ein erhöhtes operatives Risiko, ein erhöhtes Insolvenzrisiko und schlechtere Liquidität gekennzeichnet sind. Des Weiteren zeigen sich deutliche Hinweise auf eine Branchensensitivität. Der Einbezug neuerer Daten und die Berücksichtigung mehrerer Perioden (in balancierter Panelstruktur) inklusive einer Berücksichtigung der sich verändernden Rechtsgrundlage, grenzt die vorliegende Arbeit von bereits bestehenden Forschungsbeiträgen ab.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberternst, Stephan & Schwar, Torben, 2015. "Relevanz der Zinsschranke: Eine empirische Untersuchung der betroffenen Unternehmen von 2008 bis 2012," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 200, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:arqudp:200
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Finanzierungsentscheidungen; Deutsche Steuerreform; Zinsschranke; Fremdkapitalquote; Besteuerung; Unterfinanzierungsregelungen;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

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