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Concurrence et innovation en Europe: Le dilemme de la compétitivité

Author

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

La compétitivité des entreprises et encore plus des nations est difficile à établir dans la mesure où elle n’est pas réductible à l’existence de règles et d’institutions favorisant la concurrence et assurant les incitations nécessaires à une innovation elle-même réduite à l’acquisition de nouvelles technologies. L’innovation est un processus de destruction créatrice qui implique que firmes et nations engagées dans un tel processus doivent surmonter des difficultés incarnées dans des chutes temporaires de performance avant de pouvoir tirer avantage de leurs choix. Dans cette perspective, la capacité à innover, c’est-à-dire les conditions de viabilité de l’évolution, comptent autant sinon plus que les incitations à innover. Les pratiques monopolistiques et l’acceptation de dérives temporaires du taux d’inflation ou des budgets, loin de constituer systématiquement un obstacle, deviennent une condition de cette viabilité. Il appartient, alors, aux autorités, dans les différents domaines de l’intervention publique, de faire les arbitrages nécessaires entre des objectifs ou des intérêts divergents, voire opposés. Il leur appartient de dire quelles pratiques sont acceptables et quand elles le sont, de dire quand il faut réduire le taux d’inflation et quand il faut le tolérer. Il en résulte qu’il n’y a pas de règles d’institutions optimales, mais des règles et des institutions qui garantissent l’existence de ces arbitrages face aux conséquences des changements structurels. Ces considérations devraient pouvoir alimenter la réflexion sur la nature des réformes institutionnelles dont l’Europe a besoin pour mieux piloter les choix conjoncturels comme les politiques structurelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2007. "Concurrence et innovation en Europe: Le dilemme de la compétitivité," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/6361, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6361
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Concurrence; Croissance; Innovation; Viabilité;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

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