IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/spa/wpaper/2024wpecon23.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Human Capital Accumulation and Output Growth in Demand-led Macrodynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Gilberto Tadeu Lima

  • Laura Barbosa de Carvalho

  • Gustavo Pereira Serra

Abstract

This paper sets forth two macrodynamic models of capacity utilization and output growth with human capital formation having a positive impact on labor productivity. Human capital formation is costly, however, and two financing mechanisms are considered, one in each model. In the first model, public investment in human capital is financed by some part of income tax revenues, configuring a further source of aggregate demand in addition to private consumption, government consumption, and private investment in physical capital. The second model features public investment in human capital formation financed by all income tax revenues supplemented by workers's own investment in human capital financed through debt. Hence public and private investment in human capital configure further sources of aggregate demand formation, together with private consumption and investment in physical capital. Analogously to firms's desired investment in physical capital, workers' desired investment in human capital is independent from saving out of current income. The excess of workers's desired investment in human capital formation over the public investment in human capital is financed through debt made available by an endogenous supply of credit money. Although this second model is not intended to describe specifically debt-financed human capital formation through student loans, it incorporates some features of the U.S. experience with student debt such as a fixed interest rate and income-based repayment.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Laura Barbosa de Carvalho & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2024. "Human Capital Accumulation and Output Growth in Demand-led Macrodynamics," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2024_23, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP), revised 28 Aug 2024.
    • Handle: RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon23
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.repec.eae.fea.usp.br/documentos/Lima_Carvalho_Serra_23WP.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Isaac Ehrlich & Dunli Li & Zhiqiang Liu, 2017. "The Role of Entrepreneurial Human Capital as a Driver of Endogenous Economic Growth," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 11(3), pages 310-351.
    2. Laura Barbosa de Carvalho & Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2024. "Household debt, knowledge capital accumulation, and macrodynamic performance," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 84-116, January.
    3. Mark Setterfield, 2023. "Post-Keynesian growth theory and the supply side: a feminist approach," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 20(2), pages 299-316, November.
    4. Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Laura Carvalho & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2021. "Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 9(3), pages 319-336, July.
    5. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    6. Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2023. "Household debt, student loan forgiveness, and human capital investment: a neo-Kaleckian approach," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(1), pages 173-206, January.
    7. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    8. Elissa Braunstein & Irene van Staveren & Daniele Tavani, 2011. "Embedding Care and Unpaid Work in Macroeconomic Modeling: A Structuralist Approach," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(4), pages 5-31, October.
    9. Dutt, Amitava Krishna & Veneziani, Roberto, 2020. "A Classical Model Of Education, Growth, And Distribution," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(5), pages 1186-1221, July.
    10. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 71-102, October.
    11. Amitava Krishna Dutt, 2006. "Maturity, Stagnation And Consumer Debt: A Steindlian Approach," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 339-364, July.
    12. Jakob Kapeller & Bernhard Schütz, 2015. "Conspicuous Consumption, Inequality and Debt: The Nature of Consumption-driven Profit-led Regimes," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(1), pages 51-70, February.
    13. Mark Setterfield, 2023. "Post-Keynesian growth theory and the supply side: a feminist-structuralist approach," Working Papers 2302, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hein, Eckhard, 2025. "Kaleckian economics after Kalecki: A survey," IPE Working Papers 257/2025, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    2. Marco Stamegna, 2024. "Wage inequality and induced innovation in a classical-Marxian growth model," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 127-168, January.
    3. Laura Barbosa de Carvalho & Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2024. "Household debt, knowledge capital accumulation, and macrodynamic performance," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 84-116, January.
    4. Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2025. "(Trying to) catch up with the higher-skilled Joneses: student loans in a segmented educational market from a post-Keynesian perspective," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(2), pages 172-203, April.
    5. Gogol Mitra Thakur, 2023. "Modern services led growth and development in a structuralist dual economy: Long‐run implications of skilled labor constraint," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(4), pages 748-776, November.
    6. Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2023. "Household debt, student loan forgiveness, and human capital investment: a neo-Kaleckian approach," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(1), pages 173-206, January.
    7. Mark Setterfield, 2023. "Post-Keynesian growth theory and the supply side: a feminist-structuralist approach," Working Papers 2302, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    8. B. Bhaskara Rao & Arusha Cooray, 2012. "How useful is growth literature for policies in the developing countries?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(6), pages 671-681, February.
    9. Bloom, David E. & Canning, David & Kotschy, Rainer & Prettner, Klaus & Schünemann, Johannes, 2024. "Health and economic growth: Reconciling the micro and macro evidence," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    10. Cui, Dan & Wei, Xiang & Wu, Dianting & Cui, Nana & Nijkamp, Peter, 2019. "Leisure time and labor productivity: A new economic view rooted from sociological perspective," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-24.
    11. Bibhudutta Panda, 2017. "Schooling and productivity growth: evidence from a dual growth accounting application to U.S. states," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 193-221, December.
    12. Prettner, Klaus, 2012. "Public education, technological change and economic prosperity: semi-endogenous growth revisited," VfS Annual Conference 2012 (Goettingen): New Approaches and Challenges for the Labor Market of the 21st Century 65414, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    13. Durlauf, Steven N. & Quah, Danny T., 1999. "The new empirics of economic growth," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 235-308, Elsevier.
    14. Diaz-Bautista, Alejandro, 2002. "The role of telecommunications infrastructure and human capital: Mexico´s economic growth and convergence," ERSA conference papers ersa02p102, European Regional Science Association.
    15. Renelt, David, 1991. "Economic growth : a review of the theoretical and empirical literature," Policy Research Working Paper Series 678, The World Bank.
    16. Javier García-Estévez & Néstor Duch-Brown, 2012. "Student graduation: to what extent does university expenditure matter?," Working Papers 2012/4, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    17. Strulik, Holger & Prettner, Klaus & Prskawetz, Alexia, 2010. "R\&D-based Growth in the Post-modern Era," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-457, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
    18. Yasir Khan & Attiya Yasmin Javid, 2015. "The Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions on Economic Performance: A Cross-Country Analysis," PIDE-Working Papers 2015:130, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    19. Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich, 2018. "Endogenous constraints, coefficients of economic distance, and economic performance of African countries – An exploratory essay," MPRA Paper 90065, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Arnold, Lutz G., 1998. "Growth, Welfare, and Trade in an Integrated Model of Human-Capital Accumulation and Research," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 81-105, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon23. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Pedro Garcia Duarte The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask Pedro Garcia Duarte to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/deuspbr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.