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Neighbourhood development and caste distribution in rural India

Author

Listed:
  • Raushan, Rajesh
  • Mutharayappa, R.

    (Institute for Social and Economic Change)

Abstract

An overwhelming majority (above two-third) of India’s population particularly those resident in villages have not performed adequately to move up the ladder of human development Indicators. However, many villages in rural India are better developed while others lag behind in terms of development indicators. Infrastructural development of a village or community has a direct bearing on its degree of human development. In the context, the study tries to examine the level of neighbourhood development and their linkages with caste group disparity in rural India using IHDS: 2004-05 data. Based on selected infrastructural indicators such as communication & services, educational and health institutions, level of neighbourhood development is measured taking village as a unit of analysis. Further, employing factor analysis techniques, composite index of neighbourhood development is constructed. Results of the study reveal that 27 percent villages or neighbourhoods are highly developed, 52 percent moderately and rest are poorly developed. Considering different components, respectively 27 percent, 19 percent and 31 percent villages have been found highly developed on communication & services, education and health institutions. Caste group domination shows that a higher proportion of ST followed by SC people live in poorly developed neighbourhoods as against a higher proportion of Others caste group people who live in highly developed neighbourhoods; and same has been the case for educational institutions but not so for health institutions. Around half of the rural population is concentrated in moderately developed villages. Study provides insights on why poor people are performing inadequately on human development indices. The Study supports the view that poor infrastructural development and lack of opportunity lead to inequality of outcomes in terms of human development. Hence, the prime focus of micro level planning and policy formulation centred on rural India should be concerned with neighbourhoods where concentration of poor people is more. It will help to stimulate the growth and development of neighbourhoods as well as the people living there to contribute to the nation as a whole.

Suggested Citation

  • Raushan, Rajesh & Mutharayappa, R., 2014. "Neighbourhood development and caste distribution in rural India," Working Papers 326, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    • Handle: RePEc:sch:wpaper:326
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Ruth Lupton, 2003. "Neighbourhood Effects: Can we measure them and does it matter?," CASE Papers case73, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    4. Raushan, Rajesh & Mutharayappa, R., 2014. "Social disparity in child morbidity and curative care: Investigating for determining factors from rural India," Working Papers 314, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    5. Lupton, Ruth, 2003. "'Neighbourhood effects': can we measure them and does it matter?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 6327, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Desai, Sonalde & Dubey, Amaresh & Joshi, Brij Lal & Sen, Mitali & Sharif, Abusaleh & Vanneman, Reeve, 2010. "Human Development in India: Challenges for a Society in Transition," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198065128.
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