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Klastry - stan i perspektywy rozwoju w województwie podlaskim
[Clusters: Status and Development Prospects in the Podlaskie Voivodeship]

Author

Listed:
  • Plawgo, Bogusław
  • Klimczuk-Kochańska, Magdalena

Abstract

Polish Abstract: Kluczowym wyzwaniem polskich regionów jest obecnie podno-szenie konkurencyjności w kontekście pogłębiającej się globalizacji i wyzwań związanych z utratą prostych przewag, wynikających z niskich kosztów wytwarzania. Jednym z mechanizmów temu służących może być rozwój struktur klastrowych. Podkreśla się, że wzmacniają one konku-rencyjność poprzez integrowanie komplementarnych zasobów i umiejęt-ności, pozwalają łatwiej pokonywać bariery wejścia na nowe rynki geo-graficzne i produktowe, a przede wszystkim podnoszą innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw. W związku z uznaniem na świecie, ale i w Polsce pozy-tywnego wpływu klastrów na innowacyjność i konkurencyjność przed-siębiorstw podejmuje się wysiłki mające na celu wsparcie rozwoju kla-strów, określane jako prowadzenie polityki klastrowej. Celem polityki klastrowej jest to, co najbardziej wyraźnie odróż-nia ją od innych rodzajów polityki gospodarczej, a mianowicie skupienie się na poprawie konkurencyjności i efektywności ekonomicznej specy-ficznego klastra lub grupy klastrów jako regionalnej aglomeracji działal-ności gospodarczej w dziedzinach pokrewnych. Celem nie jest pojedyn-cza firma, konkretna branża, szeroki sektor albo cała gospodarka regio-nalna. Do kluczowych wyzwań takiej polityki należą rozstrzygnięcia w zakresie: 1) Jakie klastry wspierać (np. dojrzałe czy rodzące się); 2) Jakie narzędzia stosować? (np. platformy współpracy, wsparcie wspólnych działań, tworzenie sprzyjającego klastrom otoczenia bizneso-wego); 3) Kto powinien zarządzać procesem wsparcia? (władze central-ne, regionalne czy lokalne, jakie podmioty powinny być odpowiedzialne za realizację określonych funkcji). Rozstrzygniecie tych dylematów musi odpowiadać określonym warunkom krajowym i regionalnym. Stąd po-trzeba definiowania polityki klastrowej w Polsce zarówno na poziomie centralnym, jak i poszczególnych regionów. W województwie podlaskim podejmuje się próby wykorzystania klastrów do zdynamizowania rozwoju regionalnego. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera wyniki badań struktur klastrowych w województwie podlaskim przeprowadzonych w ramach działalności Grupy roboczej ds. polityki English Abstract: The key challenge for Polish regions is to increase competitiveness in the context of deepening globalization and challenges related to the loss of simple advantages resulting from low production costs. One of the mechanisms serving this purpose may be the development of cluster structures. It is emphasized that they strengthen competitiveness by integrating complementary resources and skills, allow easier to overcome barriers to entry into new geographic and product markets, and above all, improve the innovation of enterprises. Due to the recognition in the world, but also in Poland of the positive impact of clusters on the innovation and competitiveness of enterprises, efforts are being made to support the development of clusters, referred to as cluster policy. The goal of cluster policy is what most clearly distinguishes it from other types of economic policy, namely focusing on improving the competitiveness and economic efficiency of a specific cluster or group of clusters as a regional agglomeration of economic activity in related fields. The goal is not a single company, a specific industry, a broad sector or the entire regional economy. The key challenges of such a policy include decisions regarding: 1) What clusters to support (eg mature or emerging); 2) What tools should be used? (eg cooperation platforms, support for joint activities, creation of a business environment conducive to clusters); 3) Who should manage the support process? (central, regional or local authorities, which entities should be responsible for the implementation of specific functions). Resolving these dilemmas must correspond to specific national and regional conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to define a cluster policy in Poland both at the central level and in individual regions. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship, attempts are made to use clusters to boost regional development. This publication contains the results of research on cluster structures in the Podlaskie Voivodeship carried out as part of the policy working group

Suggested Citation

  • Plawgo, Bogusław & Klimczuk-Kochańska, Magdalena, 2014. "Klastry - stan i perspektywy rozwoju w województwie podlaskim [Clusters: Status and Development Prospects in the Podlaskie Voivodeship]," MPRA Paper 84983, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:84983
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marshall, Alfred, 1920. "Industry and Trade," History of Economic Thought Books, McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, edition 3, number marshall1920.
    2. Plawgo, Bogusław & Klimczuk-Kochańska, Magdalena & Citkowski, Mariusz, 2010. "Klastry jako potencjał rozwoju - województwo podlaskie [Clusters as Development Potential: Podlaskie Province]," MPRA Paper 84985, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Furman, Jeffrey L. & Porter, Michael E. & Stern, Scott, 2002. "The determinants of national innovative capacity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 899-933, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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