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Equilibrium Commuting

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  • Berliant, Marcus
  • Tabuchi, Takatoshi

Abstract

We consider the role of a nonlinear commuting cost function in determination of the equilibrium commuting pattern where all agents are mobile. Previous literature has considered only linear commuting cost, where in equilibrium, all workers are indifferent about their workplace location. We show that this no longer holds for nonlinear commuting cost. The equilibrium commuting pattern is completely determined by the concavity or convexity of commuting cost as a function of distance. We show that a monocentric equilibrium exists when the ratio of the firm agglomeration externality to commuting cost is sufficiently high. Finally, we find empirical evidence of both long and short commutes in equilibrium, implying that the commuting cost function is likely concave.

Suggested Citation

  • Berliant, Marcus & Tabuchi, Takatoshi, 2015. "Equilibrium Commuting," MPRA Paper 67689, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:67689
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    Other versions of this item:

    • Marcus Berliant & Takatoshi Tabuchi, 2018. "Equilibrium commuting," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 65(3), pages 609-627, May.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaofang Dong & Stephen L. Ross, 2015. "Accuracy and efficiency in simulating equilibrium land-use patterns for self-organizing cities," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(4), pages 707-722.
    2. Marcus Berliant & Takatoshi Tabuchi, 2018. "Equilibrium commuting," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 65(3), pages 609-627, May.
    3. Fujita,Masahisa, 1991. "Urban Economic Theory," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521396455, September.
    4. Ross, Stephen & Yinger, John, 1995. "Comparative static analysis of open urban models with a full labor market and suburban employment," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 575-605, October.
    5. McMillen, Daniel P., 1996. "One Hundred Fifty Years of Land Values in Chicago: A Nonparametric Approach," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 100-124, July.
    6. Fujita,Masahisa & Thisse,Jacques-François, 2013. "Economics of Agglomeration," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107001411, October.
    7. Timothy, Darren & Wheaton, William C., 2001. "Intra-Urban Wage Variation, Employment Location, and Commuting Times," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 338-366, September.
    8. Sattinger, Michael, 1993. "Assignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 31(2), pages 831-880, June.
    9. Hamilton, Bruce W, 1982. "Wasteful Commuting," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(5), pages 1035-1051, October.
    10. Ross, Stephen L., 1996. "The Long-Run Effect of Economic Development Policy on Resident Welfare in a Perfectly Competitive Urban Economy," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 354-380, November.
    11. Fujita, Masahisa & Ogawa, Hideaki, 1982. "Multiple equilibria and structural transition of non-monocentric urban configurations," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 161-196, May.
    12. Robert E. Lucas & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, 2002. "On the Internal Structure of Cities," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(4), pages 1445-1476, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhi-Chun Li Author-Name : Wen-Jing Liu Author-Name : André de Palma Author-Name : Yuki Takayama Author-Name : Takao Dantsuji, "undated". "Autonomous vehicles, parking, and urban spatial structure," THEMA Working Papers 2024-09, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
    2. Akamatsu, Takashi & Wada, Kentaro & Iryo, Takamasa & Hayashi, Shunsuke, 2021. "A new look at departure time choice equilibrium models with heterogeneous users," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 152-182.
    3. Dauth, Wolfgang & Haller, Peter, 2019. "Loss aversion in the trade-off between wages and commuting distances," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203611, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    4. Marcus Berliant & Takatoshi Tabuchi, 2018. "Equilibrium commuting," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 65(3), pages 609-627, May.
    5. Osawa, Minoru & Akamatsu, Takashi, 2019. "Emergence of Urban Landscapes: Equilibrium Selection in a Model of Internal Structure of the Cities," MPRA Paper 92395, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Tikoudis, Ioannis, 2023. "Revisiting the Pigouvian tax in urban roads: Housing supply restrictions, leaking profits and spatial inequality," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    7. Osawa, Minoru & Akamatsu, Takashi, 2020. "Equilibrium refinement for a model of non-monocentric internal structures of cities: A potential game approach," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    8. KONDO Keisuke, 2020. "A Structural Estimation of the Disutility of Commuting," Discussion papers 20031, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    9. Dauth, Wolfgang & Haller, Peter, 2016. "The valuation of changes in commuting distances: an analysis using georeferenced data," IAB-Discussion Paper 201643, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    10. Garrido-da-Silva, Liliana & Castro, Sofia B.S.D. & Correia-da-Silva, João, 2022. "Location of housing and industry around city centre amenities," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    11. Akamatsu, Takashi & Wada, Kentaro & Iryo, Takamasa & Hayashi, Shunsuke, 2018. "Departure time choice equilibrium and optimal transport problems," MPRA Paper 90361, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commuting; Land rent; Wage gradient;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R13 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

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