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La Teoria dell’Equilibrio Innovativo (TEI): un approccio evolutivo alla piena occupazione e alla politica economica nell’era tecnologica
[The Theory of Innovative Equilibrium (TEI): An Evolutionary Approach to Full Employment and Economic Policy in the Technological Era]

Author

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  • Vitale, Antonio

Abstract

La Teoria dell’Equilibrio Innovativo (TEI) si propone come nuovo paradigma interpretativo della macroeconomia contemporanea, incentrato non più soltanto sulla produzione aggregata ma, soprattutto, sulla domanda di lavoro come variabile autonoma e strategica del sistema economico, superando al tempo stesso sia l’approccio Keynesiano sia di classico. In contrasto con le teorie tradizionali, che concepiscono la domanda di lavoro come funzione derivata e passiva rispetto al livello di produzione e dei salari, la TEI la interpreta come una variabile autonoma, adattiva e strategica, influenzata non solo da grandezze macroeconomiche ma anche dai processi tecnologici, organizzativi e decisionali delle imprese. Nel modello Keynesiano, la domanda di lavoro è determinata dal prodotto e dai salari reali; in quello classico e neoclassico, essa dipende dal salario reale e tende alla piena occupazione in presenza di flessibilità dei prezzi. Entrambe le impostazioni condividono, tuttavia, una visione statica del mercato del lavoro, in cui le imprese reagiscono meccanicamente agli stimoli esterni di politica economica. In questo quadro teorico, la quantità di lavoro richiesta dalle imprese non dipende esclusivamente dalle variazioni di domanda aggregata o dalla rigidità o meno dei salari, ma è fortemente condizionata dal tasso di innovazione tecnologica e dalle decisioni strategiche microeconomiche delle imprese in materia di automazione, digitalizzazione, organizzazione produttiva e investimenti in innovazione. L’innovazione, lungi dall’essere un fattore neutro, modifica strutturalmente la funzione di domanda di lavoro, alterando la relazione tradizionale tra occupazione, salario reale e produzione. La TEI interpreta così l’equilibrio macroeconomico come un processo adattivo e non meccanico, nel quale le imprese reagiscono endogenamente all’evoluzione tecnologica, generando nuovi livelli di efficienza e nuovi equilibri occupazionali, determinati dall’interazione dinamica tra innovazione, produttività e strategie imprenditoriali. Questo approccio consente di comprendere perché, in un contesto di crescente automazione, l’aumento della produttività possa coesistere con una riduzione della domanda diretta di lavoro, senza che ciò implichi inefficienza macroeconomica o fallimento del mercato. Il presente contributo delinea i fondamenti teorici della TEI, ne illustra il modello matematico e grafico e discute le implicazioni di politica economica necessarie per accompagnare la transizione verso un equilibrio innovativo e sostenibile, in cui la coesione sociale e la redistribuzione dei benefici tecnologici diventano condizioni essenziali della stabilità economica di lungo periodo.

Suggested Citation

  • Vitale, Antonio, 2026. "La Teoria dell’Equilibrio Innovativo (TEI): un approccio evolutivo alla piena occupazione e alla politica economica nell’era tecnologica [The Theory of Innovative Equilibrium (TEI): An Evolutionary Approach to Full Employment and Economic Policy i," MPRA Paper 130879, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Sep 2026.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:130879
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    2. Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2019. "Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(2), pages 3-30, Spring.
    3. David H. Autor, 2015. "Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(3), pages 3-30, Summer.
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    JEL classification:

    • A10 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - General
    • B00 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - General - - - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
    • D00 - Microeconomics - - General - - - General
    • E00 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - General
    • H00 - Public Economics - - General - - - General
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy

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