IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/128663.html

Dynamics of Money Market and Monetary Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed, Mhammad Ashfaq
  • Nawaz, Nasreen

Abstract

Objective: Contemporary research on monetary policy does not account for the loss/gain in efficiency during the adjustment of the market and the after-policy vis-a-vis pre-policy equilibrium in the money market. After a central bank exercises a monetary policy, the central bank's cost as a supplier of money rises to pre-policy cost plus the per unit money cost incurred due to monetary policy, which affects money supply and pushes the money market out of equilibrium. Demand and supply of money along with the interest rate follow certain adjustment mechanism until the final equilibrium arrives. The basis of adjustment is lack of coordination regarding decisions of consumers and suppliers of money at the prevailing interest rate. For the design of an optimal monetary policy, efficiency considerations both during the adjustment of the market as well as in final equilibrium are important to be taken care of. This research designs a dynamic money market model and derives an optimal monetary policy. Methods: A perfectly competitive money market with five agents has been modeled. The equations maximizing their objectives have been derived and solved simultaneously to solve the model. An optimal monetary policy has been derived by minimizing the objective function of efficiency loss, i.e., supply or consumption of money lost in post-policy equilibrium vis-a-vis the pre-policy one, and the loss during the time market is adjusting subject to central bank's cost constraint. Results: Derived mathematical expressions outline the optimal expansionary and contractionary monetary policies considering the adjustments in demand and supply over time. Conclusion: The expressions are functions of demand, supply, and inventory curves' slopes as well as initial pre-policy equilibrium quantity of funds. (JEL E41, E42, E43, E51, E52, E58)

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed, Mhammad Ashfaq & Nawaz, Nasreen, 2024. "Dynamics of Money Market and Monetary Policy," MPRA Paper 128663, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:128663
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/128663/1/MPRA_paper_128663.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. William R. White, 2013. "Is Monetary Policy a Science? The Interaction of Theory and Practice over the Last 50 Years," SUERF 50th Anniversary Volume Chapters, in: Morten Balling & Ernest Gnan (ed.), 50 Years of Money and Finance: Lessons and Challenges, chapter 3, pages 73-116, SUERF - The European Money and Finance Forum.
    2. N. Gregory Mankiw, 2006. "The Macroeconomist as Scientist and Engineer," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 20(4), pages 29-46, Fall.
    3. Brunner, Karl & Meltzer, Allan H, 1972. "Money, Debt, and Economic Activity," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 80(5), pages 951-977, Sept.-Oct.
    4. Reginaldo Pinto Nogueira, 2009. "Is monetary policy really neutral in the long-run? Evidence for some emerging and developed economies," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 29(3), pages 2432-2437.
    5. Stefania D'Amico & Thomas B. King, 2023. "Past and Future Effects of the Recent Monetary Policy Tightening," Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 0, pages 1-6, September.
    6. Evans, Paul, 1996. "Growth and the Neutrality of Money," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 187-202.
    7. Christopher A. Sims, 2001. "A Review of Monetary Policy Rules," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(2), pages 562-566, June.
    8. repec:dpr:wpaper:0398 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Anna J. Schwartz, 2009. "Origins of the Financial Market Crisis of 2008," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 29(1), pages 19-23, Winter.
    10. Thomas Palley, 2007. "Macroeconomics and monetary policy: competing theoretical frameworks," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 61-78.
    11. Marvin Goodfriend & Robert G. King, 1997. "The New Neoclassical Synthesis and the Role of Monetary Policy," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1997, Volume 12, pages 231-296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. William R. White, 2013. "Is monetary policy a science? the interaction of theory and practice over the last 50 years," Globalization Institute Working Papers 155, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Truong Hong Trinh, 2022. "Towards Money Market in General Equilibrium Framework," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Nicolás Cachanosky & Alexander W. Salter, 2017. "The view from Vienna: An analysis of the renewed interest in the Mises-Hayek theory of the business cycle," The Review of Austrian Economics, Springer;Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, vol. 30(2), pages 169-192, June.
    3. Adnan Haider Bukhari & Safdar Ullah Khan, 2008. "A Small Open Economy DSGE Model for Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 47(4), pages 963-1008.
    4. Théret, Bruno, 2011. "Du keynésianisme au libertarianisme.La place de la monnaie dans les transformations du savoir économique autorisé," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 10.
    5. Mellár, Tamás, 2010. "Válaszút előtt a makroökonómia? [Does macroeconomics face a dilemma?]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 591-611.
    6. Adnan Haider & Musleh ud Din & Ejaz Ghani, 2012. "Monetary Policy, Informality and Business Cycle Fluctuations in a Developing Economy Vulnerable to External Shocks," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 51(4), pages 609-681.
    7. Enock Nyorekwa Twinoburyo & Nicholas M Odhiambo, 2018. "Can Monetary Policy drive economic growth? Empirical evidence from Tanzania," Contemporary Economics, Vizja University, vol. 12(2), June.
    8. Brian Snowdon, 2007. "The New Classical Counter-Revolution: False Path or Illuminating Complement?," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 33(4), pages 541-562, Fall.
    9. Gomes, Orlando, 2009. "A two-dimensional non-equilibrium dynamic model," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 221-238, September.
    10. Giorgio Fagiolo & Andrea Roventini, 2017. "Macroeconomic Policy in DSGE and Agent-Based Models Redux: New Developments and Challenges Ahead," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 20(1), pages 1-1.
    11. De Vroey Michel & Duarte Pedro Garcia, 2013. "In search of lost time: the neoclassical synthesis," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 965-995, January.
    12. Vitor Gaspar & Anil K. Kashyap, 2006. "Stability First: Reflections Inspired by Otmar Issing's Success as the ECB's Chief Economist," NBER Working Papers 12277, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Tovar, Camilo Ernesto, 2009. "DSGE Models and Central Banks," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, vol. 3, pages 1-31.
    14. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/dcditnq6282sbu1u151qe5p7f is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Giorgio Fagiolo & Andrea Roventini, 2012. "Macroeconomic Policy in DSGE and Agent-Based Models," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 67-116.
    16. Seyyed Ali Zeytoon Nejad Moosavian, 2022. "Classicals versus Keynesians: Fifty Distinctions between Two Major Schools of Economic Thought," Papers 2209.02683, arXiv.org.
    17. Giorgio Fagiolo & Andrea Roventini, 2016. "Macroeconomic Policy in DGSE and Agent-Based Models Redux," Working Papers hal-03459348, HAL.
    18. José De Gregorio, 2009. "Macroeconomics, Economists and the Crisis," Economic Policy Papers Central Bank of Chile 33, Central Bank of Chile.
    19. Seyyed Ali Zeytoon Nejad MOOSAVIAN, 2022. "Classicals versus Keynesians: A comprehensive table to teach 50 distinctions between two major schools of economic thought," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, EconSciences Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 63-79, June.
    20. Benigno, Pierpaolo, 2015. "New-Keynesian economics: An AS–AD view," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 503-524.
    21. David Gbaguidi, 2012. "La courbe de Phillips : temps d’arbitrage et/ou arbitrage de temps," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 88(1), pages 87-119.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:128663. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.