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The Effects of the Tobacco 21 Minimum Legal Sales Age Policy on Respiratory Health

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Listed:
  • Emmanuel, Zachariah
  • Emmanuel, Maria
  • Aipoh, Godwin
  • Dickson, Vonke
  • Collins, Emma

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of tobacco restrictions policy on respiratory health. We leverage the heterogeneous timing across states in the adoption of the policy from a sample of 8,175 individuals between the ages of 18 and 21. Using the 2011 to 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we estimate the impact of the Tobacco 21 MLSA policy on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung condition marked by airflow obstruction due to prolonged exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollution. We find that the T21 MLSA policy lowered the risk of COPD by 11.4 percentage points, or approximately 6.7%, among young adults between the ages of 18 and 21. In addition, we find that the policy had a greater effect on male, black, and Hispanic populations. We also find the policy to be more effective among 20-year-old unemployed young adults with some college education. These findings suggest that the T21 MLSA policy has effectively reduced respiratory health problems among teenagers and young adults, supporting its public health benefits to society. Therefore, states that are yet to adopt the T21 MLSA policy should consider its potential to decrease the risk of COPD and, ultimately, tobacco-related mortality as a valuable component of their health policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel, Zachariah & Emmanuel, Maria & Aipoh, Godwin & Dickson, Vonke & Collins, Emma, 2025. "The Effects of the Tobacco 21 Minimum Legal Sales Age Policy on Respiratory Health," MPRA Paper 124994, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Jun 2025.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:124994
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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