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Toward More Sustainable Transportation: Green Vehicle Metrics for 2023 and 2024 Model Years

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  • Marzouk, Osama A.

Abstract

This study provides a summary about various motor vehicle models tested at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or tested by vehicle manufacturers with EPA’s oversight. The dataset contained 46,147 records (as of April 27, 2023) for many vehicle models, corresponding to model years between 1984 and 2024. A subset of the most-recent records in the dataset was analyzed here. This subset has 1357 records for model years 2023 and 2024. These records were divided into 6 groups based on the energy source(s) as 993 conventional gasoline-only, 193 unplugged hybrid electric, 113 battery electric, 22 diesel-powered, 20 plug-in hybrid, and 16 dual-fuel ethanol-gasoline. Averages of multiple performance metrics for each group were computed. These vehicle performance metrics help in identifying green vehicles releasing no (or little) tailpipe emissions, or in identifying economic vehicles conserving (paid) energy. Ten green vehicle metrics are covered here. The most important of them is the released grams of tailpipe carbon dioxide per kilometer of driving (or per mile). The overall average of this metric for all analyzed records was 231.0 gCO2/km (corresponding to 371.7 gCO2/mi). With a standard combined driving mode (55% city, 45% highway), 1 L of liquid fuel (gasoline/petrol, diesel, or E85 ethanol-gasoline blend) or a standard equivalent electric energy of 8.90 kWh (32.0 MJ) is consumed by an average vehicle for traveling a distance of 12.4 km (corresponding to 29.3 miles per US gallon of gasoline-equivalent, or MPGe).

Suggested Citation

  • Marzouk, Osama A., 2024. "Toward More Sustainable Transportation: Green Vehicle Metrics for 2023 and 2024 Model Years," OSF Preprints 9d5by_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9d5by_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/9d5by_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tran, Martino & Banister, David & Bishop, Justin D.K. & McCulloch, Malcolm D., 2013. "Simulating early adoption of alternative fuel vehicles for sustainability," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 80(5), pages 865-875.
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    1. Marzouk, Osama A., 2025. "Wind Speed Weibull Model Identification in Oman, and Computed Normalized Annual Energy Production (NAEP) From Wind Turbines Based on Data From Weather Stations," OSF Preprints 8jvcn_v1, Center for Open Science.

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