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Who Owns What? A Factor Model for Direct Stock Holding

Author

Listed:
  • Vimal Balasubramaniam
  • John Y. Campbell
  • Tarun Ramadorai
  • Benjamin Ranish

Abstract

We build a cross-sectional factor model for investors' direct stock holdings, by analogy with standard time-series factor models for stock returns. We estimate the model using data from almost 10 million retail accounts in the Indian stock market. We find that stock characteristics such as firm age and share price have strong investor clienteles associated with them. Similarly, account attributes such as account age, account size, and extreme underdiversification (holding a single stock) are associated with particular characteristic preferences. Coheld stocks tend to have higher return covariance, suggestive of the importance of clientele effects in the stock market.

Suggested Citation

  • Vimal Balasubramaniam & John Y. Campbell & Tarun Ramadorai & Benjamin Ranish, 2021. "Who Owns What? A Factor Model for Direct Stock Holding," NBER Working Papers 29065, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29065
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    1. repec:acb:cbeeco:2023-698 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Grant, Andrew & Kalev, Petko S. & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar & Joakim Westerholm, P., 2022. "Retail trading activity and major lifecycle events: The case of divorce," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Bali, Turan G. & Gunaydin, A. Doruk & Jansson, Thomas & Karabulut, Yigitcan, 2023. "Do the rich gamble in the stock market? Low risk anomalies and wealthy households," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(2).
    4. Laarits, Toomas & Sammon, Marco, 2025. "The retail habitat," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    5. Yaling Li & Ronghua Luo & Kailing Shen, 2024. "Information Acquisition and Individual Investors’ Trading Behavior," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics 2024-698, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics.
    6. Kogana, Shimon & Makarov, Igor & Niessnerc, Marina & Schoar, Antoinette, 2024. "Are cryptos different? Evidence from retail trading," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 122266, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. John H Cochrane, 2022. "Portfolios for Long-Term Investors [Rare disasters and asset markets in the twentieth century]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(1), pages 1-42.
    8. Kogan, Shimon & Makarov, Igor & Niessner, Marina & Schoar, Antoinette, 2024. "Are cryptos different? Evidence from retail trading," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    9. Yevgeny Mugerman & Nadav Steinberg, 2024. "How Do Mutual Fund Management Fee Changes Impact Mutual Fund Flows," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2024.12, Bank of Israel.
    10. Luciano Somoza & Antoine Didisheim, 2022. "The End of the Crypto-Diversification Myth," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 22-53, Swiss Finance Institute.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

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