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Die Rente mit 63: Wer sind die Begünstigten? Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung?

Author

Listed:
  • Börsch-Supan, Axel

  • Coppola, Michela

  • Rausch, Johannes

    (Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA))

Abstract

In diesem Beitrag identifizieren wir zum einen mit Hilfe von Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV) die Versicherten, die von der neuen „Rente mit 63“ profitieren. Zum anderen analysieren wir die Auswirkungen der „Rente mit 63“ auf die Finanzsituation der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung, insbesondere auf die mittel- und langfristige Entwicklung des Rentenniveaus und des Beitragssatzes. Unter der Annahme, dass die neue Vergünstigung auch voll in Anspruch genommen wird und dass es weder eine namhafte zusätzliche Inanspruchnahme der Arbeitslosenversicherung noch signifikante zusätzliche finanziellen Anreize durch die Arbeitgeber zum Weiterarbeiten geben wird, zeigen unsere Analysen, dass das Klischee vom „Arbeiter, der 45 Jahre lang malocht und dafür seine Gesundheit verschlissen hat“ keinesfalls korrekt ist. Diejenigen, die von der Reform profitieren, sind im Durchschnitt Versicherte mit höheren Rentenansprüchen. Diese eher besser Verdienenden haben im Schnitt zudem deutlich kürzere sozialversicherungspflichtige Erwerbszeiten aufzuweisen als 45 Jahre: für Männer liegt der Durchschnitt bei 38 Jahren, für Frauen bei 35 Jahren. Die von uns analysierten Daten liefern auch keine Evidenz dafür, dass Personen, die eine Wartezeit von 45 Jahren erfüllen, am Ende des Erwerbslebens häufiger krank sind. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall. Was die Auswirkungen auf die Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung angeht, zeigen unsere Simulationen, dass die „Rente mit 63“ zu einem höheren Beitragssatz und zu einem niedrigen Rentenniveau im Vergleich zu einer Situation ohne die Reform führt. Die Auswirkungen der „Rente mit 63“ auf den Beitragssatz werden durch die Fortschreibungsvorschriften des allgemeinen Bundeszuschusses gedämpft. Zur Finanzierung des höheren Bundeszuschusses müssen jedoch entweder die Steuern erhöht werden oder an anderer Stelle Einsparungen im Staatshaushalt erfolgen. Somit sind nicht nur die Versicherten in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung, sondern alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger an der Finanzierung beteiligt. Diejenigen Rentner, die nicht von der Reform profitieren, bezahlen zudem langfristig mit geringeren Renten für die Reform.

Suggested Citation

  • Börsch-Supan, Axel & Coppola, Michela & Rausch, Johannes, 2014. "Die Rente mit 63: Wer sind die Begünstigten? Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung?," MEA discussion paper series 201417, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:mea:meawpa:201417
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Lorenz, Svenja & Pfister, Mona & Zwick, Thomas, 2018. "Identification of the statutory retirement dates in the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB)," FDZ Methodenreport 201808_en, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    3. Börsch-Supan, Axel, 2015. "Lehren aus den Rentenreformen seit 1972," MEA discussion paper series 201428, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
    4. repec:iab:iabfme:201808(en is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Werding, Martin, 2016. "Modellrechnungen für den vierten Tragfähigkeitsbericht des BMF [Simulations for the 4th Sustainability Report]," FiFo Reports - FiFo-Berichte 20, University of Cologne, FiFo Institute for Public Economics.
    6. Ulrich Walwei & Jürgen Deller, 2021. "Labour Market Participation of Older Workers: Drivers and Obstacles," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 56(6), pages 341-347, November.

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    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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