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La question de l’équité dans l’allocation initiale des permis d’émission dans le cadre des politiques de prévention du changement climatique : Une étude quasi-expérimentale

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  • Elodie Brahic
  • Jean-Michel Salles

Abstract

Bien que le changement climatique soit un problème global, il n’affecte pas les pays de façon identique et la mise en oeuvre de politiques de limitation des émissions impliquera pour chaque pays des efforts et des conséquences différents. Le problème est celui de la légitimité des dotations initiales. Les pays diffèrent par leur démographie, leur niveau de développement ou leur capacité d’adaptation, et l’objectif de cet article est de savoir si l’allocation initiale des permis d’émission négociables initiée à Kyoto peut et doit être utilisée afin de corriger certaines de ces inégalités. Pour analyser ces enjeux, cet article propose une exploration expérimentale : il va s’agir de tester les préférences éthiques d’agents face à différents systèmes d’allocation initiale des permis d’émission. Le Protocole de Kyoto stipulant que les Parties ont des « responsabilités communes mais différenciées », nous portons un intérêt tout particulier au courant éthique post-welfariste dont l’ambition est d’intégrer la notion de responsabilité dans les problèmes d’allocation d’une ressource. Pour identifier les variables qui doivent être intégrées dans le système d’allocation des permis, nous testons l’axiome de récompense naturelle à travers un test direct et un test indirect. Les variables étudiées sont la population, le PIB par habitant, le coût marginal de réduction des émissions et le niveau initial d’émission. Au final, les sujets considèrent que pour être équitable, le système d’allocation doit tenir compte des différences observées entre les pays sur ces variables, mais le degré et le sens de la compensation peuvent varier selon les situations.

Suggested Citation

  • Elodie Brahic & Jean-Michel Salles, 2008. "La question de l’équité dans l’allocation initiale des permis d’émission dans le cadre des politiques de prévention du changement climatique : Une étude quasi-expérimentale," Working Papers 08-11, LAMETA, Universtiy of Montpellier, revised Jul 2008.
    • Handle: RePEc:lam:wpaper:08-11
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