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Corn and soybean basis behavior and forecasting: fundamental and alternative approaches

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  • Jiang, Bingrong

Abstract

A model is developed to analyze the nearby basis behavior of corn and soybeans in several markets across the U.S. Results suggest that basis behavior has a seasonal pattern, and that different variables affect nearby corn and soybean basis at various periods. The most important factors affecting basis are storage cost (opportunity cost), transportation cost (barge rates), and supply (regional production relative to regional storage capacity). Nine conventional (naive three-year-average forecasts, econometric, ARIMA and composite forecast models) and less conventional forecasting techniques (State Space and Neural Networks models) are utilized to forecast out-of-sample basis for one-month up to 12-month ahead. The performance of all methods in forecasting 1991-1995 basis is analyzed. The forecasting performance comparison shows that adding current market information to the three-year-average model and the seasonal ARIMA model can slightly improve basis forecasts compared to the benchmark simple three-year-average forecast model.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, Bingrong, 1997. "Corn and soybean basis behavior and forecasting: fundamental and alternative approaches," ISU General Staff Papers 1997010108000013213, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:isu:genstf:1997010108000013213
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    Cited by:

    1. Prilly Oktoviany & Robert Knobloch & Ralf Korn, 2021. "A machine learning-based price state prediction model for agricultural commodities using external factors," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 44(2), pages 1063-1085, December.
    2. Lee, Yoonsuk & Brorsen, B. Wade, 2012. "Impacts of Permanent and Transitory Shocks on Optimal Length of Moving Average to Predict Wheat Basis," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 125001, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Sanders, Dwight R. & Manfredo, Mark R., 2006. "Forecasting Basis Levels in the Soybean Complex: A Comparison of Time Series Methods," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(3), pages 513-523, December.
    4. Hoffman, Linwood A. & Beachler, Michael, 2001. "Evaluating The Use Of Futures Prices To Forecast The Farm Level U.S. Corn Price," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20612, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    5. Onel, Gulcan & Karali, Berna, 2014. "Relative Performance of Semi-Parametric Nonlinear Models in Forecasting Basis," 2014 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota 169795, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    6. Hyunseok Kim & GianCarlo Moschini, 2018. "The Dynamics of Supply: U.S. Corn and Soybeans in the Biofuel Era," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 94(4), pages 593-613.
    7. Anton Bekkerman & Mykel Taylor, 2020. "The Role of Spatial Density and Technological Investment on Optimal Pricing Strategies in the Grain Handling Industry," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 57(1), pages 27-58, August.
    8. Bekkerman, Anton & Pelletier, Denis, 2009. "Basis Volatilities of Corn and Soybean in Spatially Separated Markets: The Effect of Ethanol Demand," 2009 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, 2009, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 49281, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Welch, J. Mark & Mkrtchyan, Vardan & Power, Gabriel J., 2009. "Predicting the Corn Basis in the Texas Triangle Area," Journal of Agribusiness, Agricultural Economics Association of Georgia, vol. 27(1-2), pages 1-15.
    10. Renyuan Shao & Brian Roe, 2003. "The design and pricing of fixed‐ and moving‐window contracts: An application of Asian‐Basket option pricing methods to the hog‐finishing sector," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(11), pages 1047-1073, November.
    11. Tonsor, Glynn T. & Dhuyvetter, Kevin C. & Mintert, James R., 2004. "Improving Cattle Basis Forecasting," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 29(2), pages 1-14, August.
    12. Zhang, Rui (Carolyn) & Houston, Jack E., 2005. "Effects of Price Volatility and Surging South American Soybean Production on Short-run Soybean Basis Dynamics," 2005 Conference, April 18-19, 2005, St. Louis, Missouri 19038, NCR-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management.
    13. Kastens, Terry L. & Dhuyvetter, Kevin C., 1999. "Post-Harvest Grain Storing And Hedging With Efficient Futures," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 24(2), pages 1-24, December.
    14. Bekkerman, Anton & Taylor, Mykel, 2015. "A Bayesian Learning Approach to Estimating Unbalanced Spatial Panel Models," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205507, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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