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Monetary and Macroprudential Policy with Endogenous Risk

Author

Listed:
  • Mr. Tobias Adrian
  • Fernando Duarte
  • Nellie Liang
  • Pawel Zabczyk

Abstract

We extend the New Keynesian (NK) model to include endogenous risk. Lower interest rates not only shift consumption intertemporally but also conditional output risk via their impact on risk-taking, giving rise to a vulnerability channel of monetary policy. The model fits the conditional output gap distribution and can account for medium-term increases in downside risks when financial conditions are loose. The policy prescriptions are very different from those in the standard NK model: monetary policy that focuses purely on inflation and output-gap stabilization can lead to instability. Macroprudential measures can mitigate the intertemporal risk-return tradeoff created by the vulnerability channel.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Tobias Adrian & Fernando Duarte & Nellie Liang & Pawel Zabczyk, 2020. "Monetary and Macroprudential Policy with Endogenous Risk," IMF Working Papers 2020/236, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2020/236
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    Cited by:

    1. Altavilla, Carlo & Laeven, Luc & Peydró, José-Luis, 2020. "Monetary and Macroprudential Policy Complementarities: evidence from European credit registers," CEPR Discussion Papers 15539, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Alex Ilek & Nimrod Cohen, 2023. "Semi-Structural Model with Household Debt for Israel," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2023.03, Bank of Israel.
    3. Jiménez, Gabriel & Kuvshinov, Dmitry & Peydro, Jose-Luis & Richter, Björn, 2022. "Monetary policy, inflation, and crises: New evidence from history and administrative data," CEPR Discussion Papers 17761, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Zhou, Yang, 2024. "Benefits and costs: The impact of capital control on growth-at-risk in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. David Aikman & Kristina Bluwstein & Sudipto Karmakar, 2025. "A Tail of Three Occasionally Binding Constraints: A Modelling Approach to GDP-at-Risk," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 73(4), pages 1053-1089, December.
    6. Figueres, Juan Manuel & Jarociński, Marek, 2020. "Vulnerable growth in the euro area: Measuring the financial conditions," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. Sui, Jianli & Lv, Wenqiang & Gao, Xiang & Koedijk, Kees G., 2024. "China’s GDP-at-Risk: Real-Time Monitoring, Risk Tracing, and Macroeconomic Policy Effects," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    8. repec:ecb:ecbdps:202113 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. El-Shagi, Makram, 2025. "Does the Fed adhere to its mandate? Estimating the Federal Reserve’s objective function," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1782-1796.
    10. Pongpitch Amatyakul & Tosapol Apaitan & Savaphol Hiruntiaranakul & Nuwat Nookhwun, 2021. "Revisiting Thailand's Monetary Policy Model for an Integrated Policy Analysis," PIER Discussion Papers 164, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    11. Kabundi, Alain & De Simone, Francisco Nadal, 2022. "Euro area banking and monetary policy shocks in the QE era," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. Federico Bassi & Andrea Boitani, 2021. "Monetary and macroprudential policy: The multiplier effects of cooperation," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def110, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    13. Chavleishvili, Sulkhan & Fahr, Stephan & Kremer, Manfred & Manganelli, Simone & Schwaab, Bernd, 2021. "A risk management perspective on macroprudential policy," Working Paper Series 2556, European Central Bank.
    14. Deng, Chuang & Wu, Jian, 2023. "Macroeconomic downside risk and the effect of monetary policy," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    15. Sim, Khai Zhi, 2023. "Monetary and fiscal coordination in preventing bank failures and financial contagion," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Ajevskis, Viktors & Brázdik, František & Garcia, Pablo & Gatt, William & Lima, Diana & Mavromatis, Kostas & Ortega, Eva & Papadopoulou, Niki & De Lorenzo, Ivan & Kolb, Benedikt, 2024. "Using structural models to understand macroeconomic tail risks," Occasional Paper Series 357, European Central Bank.
    17. Kim, Soyoung & Mehrotra, Aaron & Shim, Seri, 2025. "Governance arrangements and the use of macroprudential policy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    18. Nina Boyarchenko & Giovanni Favara & Moritz Schularick, 2022. "Financial Stability Considerations for Monetary Policy: Empirical Evidence and Challenges," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-006, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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