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The Role of the Currency Board in Bulgaria's Stabilization

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  • Ms. Anne Marie Gulde

Abstract

This paper focuses on the process leading to the choice of a currency board as a stabilization instrument, and its specific design. The use of a currency board was complicated and controversial because of serious structural problems, including a systemic banking crisis. It argues that the arrangement was well designed for the task at hand, combining a traditional rule-based exchange arrangement with a number of legal and structural measures to address the pressing bank sector and fiscal issues. In light of the interdependence of the measures, the success of Bulgaria’s currency board stabilization must be attributed to a combination of elements, of which the currency board was a crucial, but not the only determining factor. Structural problems, most notably in the banking sector, were equally severe. The banking crisis had been smoldering since at least 1995. A 1996 review found that out often state banks, which still accounted for more than 80 percent of banking sector assets, nine had negative capital and more than half of all state banks' portfolios were nonperforming.

Suggested Citation

  • Ms. Anne Marie Gulde, 1999. "The Role of the Currency Board in Bulgaria's Stabilization," IMF Policy Discussion Papers 1999/003, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfpdp:1999/003
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Moheeput, Ashwin, 2008. "Issues on the choice of Exchange Rate Regimes and Currency Boards – An Analytical Survey," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 855, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    2. Sébastien Charles & Jonathan Marie, 2016. "Hyperinflation bulgare de 1997 : transition, fragilité bancaire et change," CEPN Working Papers 2016-13, Centre d'Economie de l'Université de Paris Nord.
    3. Dumitriu, Ramona & Stefanescu, Razvan, 2013. "Utilizarea cursurilor valutare drept ancore nominale antiinflaţioniste [The use of exchange rates as nominal anchors]," MPRA Paper 52415, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Mart Sırg, 2005. "Estoniaís Accession to the EMU," Working Papers 133, Tallinn School of Economics and Business Administration, Tallinn University of Technology.
    5. Dalia Grigonyté, 2003. "Impact of Currency Boards on Fiscal Policy in Central and Eastern European Countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 111-133, June.
    6. Gaitan, Beatriz & Pavel, Ferdinand, 2000. "Is 'Getting The Prices Right' Always Right? How Trade Liberalization Can Fail," 2000 Annual meeting, July 30-August 2, Tampa, FL 21881, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    7. Moheeput, Ashwin, 2008. "Issues on the choice of Exchange Rate Regimes and Currency Boards – An Analytical Survey," Economic Research Papers 269853, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
    8. Neven Valev & John Carlson, 2007. "Beliefs about Exchange‐Rate Stability: Survey Evidence from the Currency Board in Bulgaria," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 111-121.
    9. Julda Kielyte, 2002. "Exchange rate arrangements in the run-up to the EMU: some experience in currency board countries," EERI Research Paper Series EERI_RP_2002_01, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.
    10. Pawel Folfas & Magdalena Slok-Wodkowska, 2011. "European common curency outside the Euro zone and fixed exchange rates vs. Euro: economic and legal aspects," Ekonomia i Prawo, Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, vol. 7(1), pages 371-390, December.
    11. repec:kap:iaecre:v:11:y:2005:i:4:p:347-357 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Galin Petrov Stefanov, 2020. "Mundel Optimality of the Bulgarian Accession to the Euro Area," Business & Management Compass, University of Economics Varna, issue 3, pages 297-315.
    13. Neven Valev, 2000. "Building Monetary Credibility in a Transforming Economy," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0212, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    14. Deskar-Škrbić, Milan & Kotarac, Karlo & Kunovac, Davor, 2020. "The third round of euro area enlargement: Are the candidates ready?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    15. Atanas Christev, 2005. "The Hyperinflation Model of Money Demand (or Cagan Revisited): Some New Empirical Evidence from the 1990s," CERT Discussion Papers 0507, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University.
    16. Petracchi, Cosimo, 2022. "The Mussa puzzle: A generalization," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    17. Stefka Slavova, 2003. "Money demand during hyperinflation and stabilization: Bulgaria, 1991-2000," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(11), pages 1303-1316.
    18. Mr. Alessandro Zanello & Mr. Mark R. Stone & Mr. Christopher J. Jarvis & Mr. Andrew Berg, 2003. "Re-Establishing Credible Nominal Anchors After a Financial Crisis: A Review of Recent Experience," IMF Working Papers 2003/076, International Monetary Fund.

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