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Turismo y desarrollo en México

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  • Carmen Altés

Abstract

Este documento ofrece una visión acerca del estado del sector turismo en México y promueve una reflexión con respecto a la forma de optimizar su contribución al desarrollo sostenible. Se destaca que el turismo puede constituir una alternativa en regiones con problemas estructurales que ven amenazados sus sectores productivos tradicionales por los efectos de la competencia exterior. México ha sabido aprovechar el gran dinamismo del turismo internacional en las últimas décadas para situarse en octavo lugar en el ranking de destinos turísticos a nivel internacional. Sin embargo, se detecta cierta desaceleración del sector, tanto en relación con la actividad económica nacional como respecto del mercado internacional. La promoción del turismo hacia el interior del país se ve obstaculizada por los problemas de seguridad ciudadana y las limitaciones en infraestructura de transporte. Con el proceso de descentralización, buena parte de las competencias en planificación y gestión del turismo recaen sobre los gobiernos subnacionales, que tienen que fortalecer su capacidad técnica y ampliar sus fuentes de financiación para poder enfrentar a sus responsabilidades. El modelo de desarrollo turístico debería caracterizarse por: 1) el aprovechamiento de atractivos culturales y naturales, y la puesta en valor de la identidad local; 2) ser de baja densidad; 3) favorecer el aprovechamiento de oportunidades de negocio y empleo por la población local, apoyar a las PyMe e impulsar su desarrollo; 4) promover la implementación de una infraestructura que beneficie por igual tanto al turismo como a la población local y a otros sectores productivos; y 5) evitar los enclaves turísticos, fomentando la integración de la actividad turística en los espacios y en las actividades productivas de los territorios rurales y en pequeños núcleos de población.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmen Altés, 2008. "Turismo y desarrollo en México," Research Department Publications 2008, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:2008
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