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L’ évitement scolaire : un effet « boomerang » de la labélisation en politique de la ville ?

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  • Manon Garrouste

    (RITM - Réseaux Innovation Territoires et Mondialisation - Université Paris-Saclay, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Miren Lafourcade

    (RITM - Réseaux Innovation Territoires et Mondialisation - Université Paris-Saclay, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

Abstract

En France, la politique de la ville cible les quartiers urbains confrontés à de très grandes difficultés sociales et économiques, d'abord qualifiés de « zones urbaines sensibles » puis, depuis 2014, de « quartiers prioritaires ». Ces quartiers bénéficient de subventions publiques visant à réduire la ségrégation urbaine et à améliorer les conditions de vie des habitants (logement, services publics, sécurité) et leurs opportunités socio-économiques (éducation, emploi). De nombreux travaux de recherche ont mis en balance les bénéfices et les effets potentiellement contre-productifs des politiques publiques menées dans ces quartiers. Cette note étudie un revers de la politique de la ville encore peu documenté : la stigmatisation territoriale, qui est analysée ici sous le prisme de l'évitement scolaire des collèges publics situés dans les quartiers périmétrés par la politique. L'étude prend appui sur une réforme de la géographie prioritaire intervenue en 2014, qui a redessiné la carte des quartiers ciblés à l'aide d'un carroyage très fin du territoire et d'un seuil d'éligibilité fondé sur le revenu fiscal médian des résidents de chaque carreau. Sans que la carte scolaire ait été modifiée par la réforme, certains collèges sont ainsi « entrés » dans le périmètre de la politique, et d'autres en sont « sortis ». La comparaison des collèges des quartiers situés juste au-dessus et au-dessous du seuil d'éligibilité, avant et après la réforme, permet d'évaluer l'impact causal moyen de la labélisation du quartier en politique de la ville sur l'évitement scolaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Manon Garrouste & Miren Lafourcade, 2024. "L’ évitement scolaire : un effet « boomerang » de la labélisation en politique de la ville ?," Post-Print halshs-04748322, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04748322
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04748322v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laurent Davezies & Manon Garrouste, 2020. "More Harm than Good?: Sorting Effects in a Compensatory Education Program," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 55(1), pages 240-277.
    2. Anthony Briant & Miren Lafourcade & Benoît Schmutz, 2015. "Can Tax Breaks Beat Geography? Lessons from the French Enterprise Zone Experience," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 7(2), pages 88-124, May.
    3. Pauline Charnoz, 2018. "Do Enterprise Zones Help Residents? Evidence from France," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 130, pages 199-225.
    4. repec:hal:pseose:halshs-01156460 is not listed on IDEAS
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