IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/hal-05133749.html

Cleaning the carbon market! Market transparency and market efficiency in the EU ETS

Author

Listed:
  • Iordanis Angelos Kalaitzoglou

    (Audencia Business School)

Abstract

This paper revisits the informational efficiency of the EU ETS at a micro level, by introducing a novel time variant structural decomposition of variance. The new modelling introduces GARCH-like effects into a structural price modelling. With this, all variance components, including public information and price discreteness, can be estimated, for the first time, in a continuously updated setup that is free of sampling bias. The empirical findings report that although all variance components decrease in magnitude, this is primarily due to higher overall market liquidity that results in less price discovery per trade. On a proportional basis, though, the EU ETS appears to be increasingly inefficient prior to the introduction of MiFID II rules, with the situation reversing after their implementation. This is evidence that transparency is vital in rendering emission allowances a policy rather than a speculative instrument.

Suggested Citation

  • Iordanis Angelos Kalaitzoglou, 2025. "Cleaning the carbon market! Market transparency and market efficiency in the EU ETS," Post-Print hal-05133749, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05133749
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-024-06032-2
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05133749v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-05133749v1/document
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10479-024-06032-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chai, Shanglei & Yang, Xiaoli & Zhang, Zhen & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Lucey, Brian, 2022. "Regional imbalances of market efficiency in China’s pilot emission trading schemes (ETS): A multifractal perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    2. Z. Merrick Li & Oliver Linton, 2022. "A ReMeDI for Microstructure Noise," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(1), pages 367-389, January.
    3. Madhavan, Ananth, 2000. "Market microstructure: A survey," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 205-258, August.
    4. Ibikunle, Gbenga & Gregoriou, Andros & Hoepner, Andreas G.F. & Rhodes, Mark, 2016. "Liquidity and market efficiency in the world's largest carbon market," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 431-447.
    5. Glosten, Lawrence R. & Harris, Lawrence E., 1988. "Estimating the components of the bid/ask spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 123-142, May.
    6. Wang, Yong & Liu, Shimiao & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Lucey, Brian, 2024. "Volatility spillover and hedging strategies among Chinese carbon, energy, and electricity markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Dhifaoui, Zouhaier & Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Shi, Baofeng, 2022. "Quantifying information transfer among clean energy, carbon, oil, and precious metals: A novel transfer entropy-based approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    8. Zouhaier Dhifaoui & Rabeh Khalfaoui & Mohammad Zoynul Abedin & Baofeng Shi, 2022. "Quantifying information transfer among clean energy, carbon, oil, and precious metals: A novel transfer entropy-based approach," Post-Print hal-03797566, HAL.
    9. Admati, Anat R. & Pfleiderer, Paul, 1986. "A monopolistic market for information," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 400-438, August.
    10. Iordanis Kalaitzoglou, 2019. "Visible and Invisible Forces: What Drives the Intensity of Trading in the European Carbon Market? ," Review of Economic Analysis, Digital Initiatives at the University of Waterloo Library, vol. 11(1), pages 117-144, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Zhenhua & Zhong, Hongyu & Zhang, Deyuan, 2026. "Climate policy uncertainty, investor behavior, and carbon market returns," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Iordanis Angelos Kalaitzoglou, 2025. "Cleaning the carbon market! Market transparency and market efficiency in the EU ETS," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 347(1), pages 501-533, April.
    2. Zeng, Hongjun & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Ahmed, Abdullahi D. & Huang, Qingcheng, 2025. "Extreme risk connection among the European Tourism, energy and carbon emission markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Cui, Wenhao & Hu, Jie & Wang, Jiandong, 2026. "Reprint of: Nonparametric estimation for high-frequency data incorporating trading information," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    4. Cui, Wenhao & Hu, Jie & Wang, Jiandong, 2024. "Nonparametric estimation for high-frequency data incorporating trading information," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 240(1).
    5. Hua, Siying & Jiang, Yuanying & Chen, Binxia, 2026. "Decoding multidimensional risk spillovers in “metal-energy-carbon” System: Novel insights from higher-order moments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PD).
    6. Kalaitzoglou, Iordanis Angelos, 2026. "Lost in the crowd! Pricing carbon at the age of algorithms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    7. Biais, Bruno & Glosten, Larry & Spatt, Chester, 2005. "Market microstructure: A survey of microfoundations, empirical results, and policy implications," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 217-264, May.
    8. Flannery, Mark J. & Kwan, Simon H. & Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, 2013. "The 2007–2009 financial crisis and bank opaqueness," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 55-84.
    9. Trifan, Emanuela, 2004. "Entscheidungsregeln und ihr Einfluss auf den Aktienkurs," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 131, Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Law and Economics.
    10. repec:bla:jecsur:v:22:y:2008:i:4:p:711-751 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Bouteska, Ahmed & Hajek, Petr & Fisher, Ben & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2023. "Nonlinearity in forecasting energy commodity prices: Evidence from a focused time-delayed neural network," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    12. Yousaf, Imran & Abrar, Afsheen & Ali, Shoaib & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Connectedness between energy cryptocurrencies and US equity markets: A quantile-based analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    13. Havran, Dániel & Erb, Tamás, 2015. "Mit veszítünk a piaci súrlódásokkal?. A pénzügyi piacok mikrostruktúrája [Trading mechanisms and market frictions. Microstructure of the financial markets]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 229-262.
    14. Kalaitzoglou, Iordanis Angelos & Ibrahim, Boulis Maher, 2023. "Market conditions and order-type preference," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    15. PASCUAL, Roberto & VEREDAS, David, 2006. "Does the open limit order book matter in explaining long run volatility ?," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2006110, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    16. G. Wuyts, 2007. "Stock Market Liquidity.Determinants and Implications," Review of Business and Economic Literature, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Review of Business and Economic Literature, vol. 0(2), pages 279-316.
    17. Andrea Sbarile, 2025. "In Der Welle Des Preises Mitschwimmen: A Multichannel View of the Weimar Hyperinflation," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 1097-1124, September.
    18. Vayanos, Dimitri & Wang, Jiang, 2013. "Market Liquidity—Theory and Empirical Evidence ," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1289-1361, Elsevier.
    19. Chai, Shanglei & Yang, Xiaoli & Zhang, Zhen & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Lucey, Brian, 2022. "Regional imbalances of market efficiency in China’s pilot emission trading schemes (ETS): A multifractal perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    20. Bouteska, Ahmed & Bhuiyan, Faruk & Sharif, Taimur & Miftah, Badir & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2025. "Impact of green bonds on traditional equity markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
    21. Fan, Xinghua & Lv, Xiangxiang & Yin, Jiuli & Tian, Lixin & Liang, Jiaochen, 2019. "Multifractality and market efficiency of carbon emission trading market: Analysis using the multifractal detrended fluctuation technique," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05133749. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.