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Les effets économiques des réglementations différentes en matière d'organismes génétiquement modifiés

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  • David S. Bullock

Abstract

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les effets économiques du changement dans la demande adressée à un pays exportateur ayant adopté des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM). Ce changement, qu'il soit provoqué par des restrictions nationales à l'importation ou par un rejet des OGM par les consommateurs des pays importateurs, affecte toute la chaîne verticale d'offre dans le pays exportateur, avec deux effets distincts. Tout d'abord, il crée une incitation pour offrir des produits non génétiquement modifiés (GM) à identité préservée aux consommateurs finaux. Pour cela, un changement est nécessaire à tous les stades de la chaîne verticale d'offre, de l'industrie de la semence à l'industrie de la transformation, pour éviter de mélanger des graines non GM avec des graines GM, et pour tester et labelliser en situation d'information imparfaite. Ensuite, le changement dans la demande d'exportation modifie l'incitation à adopter des OGM pour les agriculteurs, et affecte les producteurs de l'innovation OGM et des intrants agricoles associés (semence GM dans laquelle est intégrée l'innovation, pesticides utilisés en complémentarité avec la semence GM). Après avoir présenté les effets économiques liés à la ségrégation des produits non OGM à identité préservée, dans le cas du soja et du maïs aux Etats-Unis, nous proposons un modèle graphique afin d'analyser les effets économiques des OGM, dans un pays adoptant des variétés d'OGM de première génération et faisant face à un changement de la demande d'exportation pour ce produit.

Suggested Citation

  • David S. Bullock, 2001. "Les effets économiques des réglementations différentes en matière d'organismes génétiquement modifiés," Post-Print hal-02290699, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02290699
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-02290699
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giancarlo Moschini & Harvey Lapan & Andrei Sobolevsky, 2000. "Roundup ready® soybeans and welfare effects in the soybean complex," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(1), pages 33-55.
    2. David S Bullock & Marion Desquilbet, 2000. "The economics of non-GMO segregation and identity preservation," Working Papers hal-02319375, HAL.
    3. Mayer, Holly & Furtan, W. H., 1999. "Economics of transgenic herbicide-tolerant canola: The case of western Canada," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 431-442, August.
    4. Bullock, D. S. & Desquilbet, M., 2002. "The economics of non-GMO segregation and identity preservation," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 81-99, February.
    5. Marion Desquilbet & E. Nitsi, 2000. "The economics of non-GMO segregation and identity preservation," Post-Print hal-02283451, HAL.
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