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Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism

Author

Listed:
  • David Ralston

    (BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)

  • Carolyn Egri
  • Olivier Furrer

  • Min-Hsun Kuo
  • Yongjuan Li
  • Florian Wangenheim
  • Marina Dabic
  • Irina Naoumova
  • Katsuhiko Shimizu
  • María Teresa de La Garza Carranza
  • Ping Ping Fu
  • Vojko Potocan
  • Andre Pekerti
  • Tomasz Lenartowicz
  • Narasimhan Srinivasan
  • Tania Casado
  • Ana Maria Rossi
  • Erna Szabo
  • Arif Butt
  • Ian Palmer
  • Prem Ramburuth
  • David J. Brock

    (Human Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine (WGH) - The University of Edinburgh)

  • Jane Terpstra-Tong
  • Ilya Grison
  • Emmanuelle Reynaud

    (AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université)

  • Malika Richards
  • Philip Hallinger
  • Francisco Castro
  • Jaime Ruiz-Gutiérrez
  • Laurie Milton
  • Mahfooz Ansari
  • Arunas Starkus
  • Audra Mockaitis
  • Tevfik Dalgic
  • Fidel León-Darder
  • Hung Vu Thanh
  • Yong-Lin Moon
  • Mario Molteni
  • Yongqing Fang
  • Jose Pla-Barber
  • Ruth Alas
  • Isabelle Maignan
  • Jorge Jesuino
  • Chay-Hoon Lee
  • Joel Nicholson
  • Ho-Beng Chia
  • Wade Danis
  • Ajantha Dharmasiri
  • Mark Weber

    (Argosy University)

Abstract

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • David Ralston & Carolyn Egri & Olivier Furrer & Min-Hsun Kuo & Yongjuan Li & Florian Wangenheim & Marina Dabic & Irina Naoumova & Katsuhiko Shimizu & María Teresa de La Garza Carranza & Ping Ping Fu &, 2014. "Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism," Post-Print hal-01800688, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01800688
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-013-1744-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Marina Dabic & Vojko Potocan & Zlatko Nedelko, 2017. "Personal values supporting enterprises’ innovations in the creative economy," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(4), pages 1241-1261, December.
    2. Yi-Ching Hsieh & Hung-Chang Chiu & Yun-Chia Tang & Wei-Yun Lin, 2018. "Does Raising Value Co-creation Increase All Customers’ Happiness?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(4), pages 1053-1067, November.
    3. Luis M. Arciniega & Laura J. Stanley & Diana Puga-Méndez & Dalia Obregón-Schael & Isaac Politi-Salame, 2019. "The Relationship Between Individual Work Values and Unethical Decision-Making and Behavior at Work," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(4), pages 1133-1148, September.
    4. Lywylyn Santamarina Mendoza & Gloria P. Gempes, 2018. "Quality of work life of food chain employees in region XI: A causal model," Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, Professor Dr. Usman Raja, vol. 4(2), pages 90-108.
    5. Yongmei Liu & Sixuan Chen & Chris Bell & Justin Tan, 2020. "How Do Power and Status Differ in Predicting Unethical Decisions? A Cross-National Comparison of China and Canada," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(4), pages 745-760, December.
    6. David A. Ralston & Craig J. Russell & Jane Terpstra-Tong & Len J. Trevino & Prem Ramburuth & Malika Richards & Tania Casado & María Teresa Garza Carranza & Irina Naoumova & Yongjuan Li & Narasimhan Sr, 2024. "Correction to: Are societal-level values still relevant measures in the twenty-first century businessworld? A 39-society analysis," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 45-50, March.
    7. Terpstra-Tong, Jane & Ralston, David A. & Treviño, Len J. & Naoumova, Irina & de la Garza Carranza, María Teresa & Furrer, Olivier & Li, Yongjuan & Darder, Fidel León, 2020. "The Quality of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX): A Multilevel Analysis of Individual-level, Organizational-level and Societal-level Antecedents," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(3).
    8. Rafael Robina-Ramírez & Ana Leal-Solís & José Amelio Medina-Merodio & Rosa Estriegana-Valdehita, 2023. "From satisfaction to happiness in the co-creation of value: the role of moral emotions in the Spanish tourism sector," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 3783-3804, August.
    9. Barbara Culiberg, 2015. "The Role of Moral Philosophies and Value Orientations in Consumer Ethics: a Post-Transitional European Country Perspective," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 211-228, September.
    10. Ralston, David A. & Russell, Craig J. & Egri, Carolyn P., 2018. "Business values dimensions: A cross-culturally developed measure of workforce values," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1189-1199.
    11. Mulej, Matjaž & Potočan, Vojko, 2016. "Plenary Lecture: Knowledge Management or Knowledge-Cum-Values-Management?," Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (2016), Rovinj, Croatia, in: Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference, Rovinj, Croatia, 8-9 September 2016, pages 1-9, IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, Zagreb.
    12. Peipei Pan & Chris Patel, 2024. "Do Internal Auditors Make Consistent Ethical Judgments in English and Chinese in Reporting Wrongdoing?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 194(2), pages 433-453, October.
    13. Lasarov, Wassili & Mai, Robert & García de Frutos, Nieves & Egea, José Manuel Ortega & Hoffmann, Stefan, 2019. "Counter-arguing as barriers to environmentally motivated consumption reduction: A multi-country study," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 281-305.
    14. Zlatko Nedelko & Vojko Potocan, 2021. "Sustainability of Organizations: The Contribution of Personal Values to Democratic Leadership Behavior Focused on the Sustainability of Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    15. Diana M. Hechavarría & Siri A. Terjesen & Amy E. Ingram & Maija Renko & Rachida Justo & Amanda Elam, 2017. "Taking care of business: the impact of culture and gender on entrepreneurs’ blended value creation goals," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 225-257, January.
    16. D. A. L. Coldwell, 2017. "Custom and Moral Sentiment: Cross-Cultural Aspects of Postgraduate Student Perceptions of Leadership Ethicality," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 145(1), pages 201-213, September.
    17. Aditya Simha & K. Praveen Parboteeah, 2020. "The Big 5 Personality Traits and Willingness to Justify Unethical Behavior—A Cross-National Examination," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 451-471, December.
    18. Ralston, David A. & Terpstra-Tong, Jane & Ramburuth, Prem & Karam, Charlotte & Furrer, Olivier & Naoumova, Irina & Richards, Malika & Srinivasan, Narasimhan & León-Darder, Fidel & Reynaud, Emmanuelle , 2025. "Is there a global-business-subculture effect on gender differences? A multisociety analysis of subordinate influence on ethics behaviors," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 277-300.
    19. Sjoerd Beugelsdijk & Björn Ambos & Phillip C Nell, 2018. "Conceptualizing and measuring distance in international business research: Recurring questions and best practice guidelines," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(9), pages 1113-1137, December.
    20. Valerie Alexandra & Miguel M. Torres & Olga Kovbasyuk & Theophilus B. A. Addo & Maria Cristina Ferreira, 2017. "The Relationship Between Social Cynicism Belief, Social Dominance Orientation, and the Perception of Unethical Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Examination in Russia, Portugal, and the United States," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 146(3), pages 545-562, December.
    21. Vojko Potocan & Zlatko Nedelko & Matjaz Mulej & Marina Dabic, 2021. "How University’s Activities Support the Development of Students’ Entrepreneurial Abilities: Case of Slovenia and Croatia," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(1), pages 22-40, March.
    22. Michael J. Zyphur & Dean C. Pierides, 2017. "Is Quantitative Research Ethical? Tools for Ethically Practicing, Evaluating, and Using Quantitative Research," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 143(1), pages 1-16, June.
    23. Ženko Zdenka & Mulej Matjaž & Potočan Vojko, 2017. "Knowledge-cum-values Management belongs to the Way out from Global Crisis," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 8(1), pages 113-123, March.

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