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Los efectos desprotectores de la protección del empleo: el impacto de la reforma del contrato laboral del 2001

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Abstract

Cuatro de cada cinco relaciones laborales en el sector formal de la economía peruana están amparadas en contratos temporales. Esta proporción es groseramente superior a la de cualquier país de la OECD y también bastante mayor a la de cualquiera de los países de nuestra región latinoamericana. El objeto de este estudio es elucidar el rol de la reforma laboral del año 2001 sobre estos resultados y estimar los efectos que esto ha tenido sobre variables asociadas al bienestar de los trabajadores. Se encuentra que la reforma ha reducido la probabilidad de tener un contrato por tiempo indefinido en el mercado laboral peruano. El impacto promedio en el corto plazo (hasta cinco años después de la reforma) es de una reducción de 50 por ciento en dicha probabilidad mientras que el impacto de largo plazo es de una caída de 80 por ciento. Esto significa que al año 2015 poco más de 900,000 empleos que hubieran sido a plazo indefinido en ausencia de la reforma se basaban en contratos temporales debido a la reforma. Estimaciones en base a ecuaciones de Mincer sugieren que esto se ha traducido en una pérdida de ingresos laborales de los trabajadores en el orden de los 6,100 millones de soles en el año 2015. Así, mismo 36,000 trabajadores se hubieran afiliado a un sindicato de no haberse dado la reforma. Los resultados llaman la atención sobre la urgencia de que el Tribunal Constitucional revise su posición sobre el mandato constitucional de “protección adecuada” frente al despido.

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  • Jaramillo, Miguel & Almonacid, Julio & Flor, Luciana de la, 2017. "Los efectos desprotectores de la protección del empleo: el impacto de la reforma del contrato laboral del 2001," Avances de Investigación 0030, Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE).
    • Handle: RePEc:gad:avance:0030
    Note: Avances de Investigación, 30
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    Cited by:

    1. Jiménez, Bruno & Rendon, Silvio, 2023. "Does employment protection unprotect workers? The labor market effects of job reinstatements in Peru," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Miguel Jaramillo & Bruno Escobar, 2022. "Employment protection legislation and on-the-job training in an informal labor market: Evidence from Peru," Working Papers 184, Peruvian Economic Association.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Protección del empleo; Contratos de trabajo; Labour contracts; Reforma laboral; Evaluación de impacto; Perú;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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