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Credit Availability for Minority Business Owners in an Evolving Credit Environment: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Brett Barkley
  • Mark E. Schweitzer

Abstract

We apply data from the Federal Reserve’s Small Business Credit Survey from 2016 to 2020 to estimate disparities in access to small business financing through loan denials and discouragement. We find that substantial credit disparities continue to exist despite the growth of fintech lenders, which prior research shows have expanded the set of small businesses receiving credit. Because the pandemic period brought many direct changes to the business and lending environment, we separately analyze the change to lending in 2020. PPP loans represented an unprecedented support for small businesses, support that was not dependent on the creditworthiness of businesses, but minority-owned businesses are estimated to have received a smaller fraction of the funds they applied for from the program.

Suggested Citation

  • Brett Barkley & Mark E. Schweitzer, 2022. "Credit Availability for Minority Business Owners in an Evolving Credit Environment: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Papers 22-18, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcwq:94290
    DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202218
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cavalluzzo, Ken S & Cavalluzzo, Linda C, 1998. "Market Structure and Discrimination: The Case of Small Businesses," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 30(4), pages 771-792, November.
    2. Stella J. Adams, 2009. "Putting race explicitly into the CRA," Monograph, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2009preit.
    3. Elizabeth Asiedu & James A. Freeman & Akwasi Nti-Addae, 2012. "Access to Credit by Small Businesses: How Relevant Are Race, Ethnicity, and Gender?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 532-537, May.
    4. Lloyd Blanchard & Bo Zhao & John Yinger, 2005. "Do Credit Market Barriers Exist for Minority and Women Entrepreneurs?," Center for Policy Research Working Papers 74, Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University.
    5. Brett Barkley & Mark Schweitzer, 2021. "The Rise of Fintech Lending to Small Businesses: Businesses' Perspectives on Borrowing," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(1), pages 35-65, March.
    6. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sergey V. Chernenko & Nathan Kaplan & Asani Sarkar & David Scharfstein, 2023. "Applications or Approvals: What Drives Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program?," Staff Reports 1060, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    small business lending; minority credit access; fintech; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L5 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy
    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

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