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Trade and Migration, Are they Complements or Substitutes: A Review of Four MENA Countries

Author

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  • Heba Nassar

    (Faculty of Economics & Political Science, Cairo University)

  • Ahmed Ghoneim

Abstract

This study reviews two types of migration flows within the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region and investigates their relationship with trade. The first type reviewed is the traditional South-North migration and its relationship with trade. The second type is the South-South migration and its relationship with trade. Four countries from the MENA region, representing four different case studies, are investigated. Tunisia and Morocco represent the South-North model in their trade and migration relationships with the European Union (EU) and Egypt and Jordan represent the South-South model in their trade and migration relationships with other countries in the MENA region. The study revealed that neither South-South migration nor South-North migration can be correlated to trade flows in any deterministic behavior. To overcome the chronic economic problems faced by most of the countries in the MENA region especially those related to the unemployment problem and to make use of the conventional wisdom of trade as a substitution for migration, the study recommends several policies that can be adopted on the local, regional and international levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Heba Nassar & Ahmed Ghoneim, 2002. "Trade and Migration, Are they Complements or Substitutes: A Review of Four MENA Countries," Working Papers 0207, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 Mar 2002.
    • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:0207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mr. Peter J Kunzel & Mr. Oleh Havrylyshyn, 1997. "Intra-Industry Trade of Arab Countries: An Indicator of Potential Competitiveness," IMF Working Papers 1997/047, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Russell, S.S. & Teitelbaum, M.S., 1992. "International Migration and International Trade," World Bank - Discussion Papers 160, World Bank.
    3. Jonathan Coppel & Jean-Christophe Dumont & Ignazio Visco, 2001. "Trends in Immigration and Economic Consequences," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 284, OECD Publishing.
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    5. Wong, Kar-Yiu, 1983. "On choosing among trade in goods and international capital and labor mobility : A theoretical analysis," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3-4), pages 223-250, May.
    6. Mr. Stanley Fischer & Mr. Mohamed A. El-Erian, 1996. "Is MENA a Region? The Scope for Regional Integration," IMF Working Papers 1996/030, International Monetary Fund.
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    Cited by:

    1. Crescenzo dell'Aquila & Marijke Kuiper, 2003. "Which Road to Liberalization? A first assessment of the EuroMed association agreements," ENARPRI Working Papers 002, ENARPRI (European Network of Agricultural and Rural Policy Research Institutes).
    2. Dell'Aquila, Crescenzo & Kuiper, Marijke H., 2003. "Which Road To Liberalisation? A First Assessment of the EuroMed Association Agreements," ENARPRI Working Papers 25129, European Network of Agricultural and Rural Policy Research Institutes (ENARPRI).
    3. Albert Millogo & Ines Trojette, 2020. "Pro-trade effects of MENA immigrants in France: does governance matter?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(4), pages 3219-3230.
    4. Kuiper, Marijke H. & Dell'Aquila, Crescenzo, 2004. "Euro-Mediterranean Partnership; State Of Affairs And Key Policy And Research Issues," Report Series 29122, Wageningen University and Research Center, Agricultural Economics Research Institute.

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