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Portafolios ÓPtimos Para Los Nuevos Sistemas De Pensiones De Paã Ses Emergentes

Author

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  • Eduardo Walker

Abstract

Se estudia asignaciones óptimas de clases de activo (Asset Allocation) para afiliados representativos a las AFP con diferentes plazos para jubilar. Se supone que el afiliado desearía maximizar su pensión esperada al momento de jubilar, dado un nivel de riesgo. Entonces, la pregunta es qué corresponde a Asset Allocation óptimos desde una perspectiva de largo plazo, dado que el propósito de los fondos acumulados es adquirir un pensiones. Esta pregunta no es nueva, por lo que algunos de los resultados presentados aquí son aplicaciones de conceptos existentes. Pero el problema más específico de una AFP que debe optimizar una cierta cartera de activos iniciales, más una secuencia de contribuciones a la cuenta individual, desde la perspectiva de un futuro pensionado, no ha sido resuelto, al menos planteado de esta forma, lo que da origen a algunos resultados interesantes. También puede tener novedad el cambio de perspectiva: el punto de vista de un administrador de carteras de largo plazo inserto en un país “emergente†. El planteamiento del problema se resume en cambiar el numerario: tanto la rentabilidad esperada como el riesgo deben medirse en unidades de pensión futura. Esto (obviamente) implica que la moneda de referencia es la local (ajustada por inflación) y que el plazo de referencia es largo. Los instrumentos de renta fija de corto plazo son un mal hedge pues tienen baja correlación con el costo futuro de una pensión. Es de interés identificar activos que posean alta correlación con el costo de las pensiones futuras. Naturalmente, éstos corresponden principalmente a instrumentos de renta fija de largo plazo, aunque es posible que algunas clases de renta variable posean características deseables. Así, se plantea como hipótesis de trabajo que las carteras óptimas deben estar “en buena parte†constituidas por renta fija local de largo plazo ya que estos instrumentos proveen la mejor protección (hedge) existente contra variaciones adversas en el costo futuro de las pensiones. Los resultados teóricos y empíricos claramente avalan esta hipótesis, al igual que la idea de que la renta variable local tiene propiedades de protección deseables que no posee la renta variable internacional

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Walker, 2004. "Portafolios ÓPtimos Para Los Nuevos Sistemas De Pensiones De Paã Ses Emergentes," Econometric Society 2004 Latin American Meetings 234, Econometric Society.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecm:latm04:234
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    File URL: http://repec.org/esLATM04/up.13470.1082054354.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Campbell, John Y. & Viceira, Luis M., 2002. "Strategic Asset Allocation: Portfolio Choice for Long-Term Investors," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198296942.
    2. Luis M. Viceira, 2001. "Optimal Portfolio Choice for Long‐Horizon Investors with Nontradable Labor Income," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(2), pages 433-470, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. World Bank & International Monetary Fund, 2006. "Financial Sector Assessment Program Update : Republic of Poland - Competition and Performance in the Polish Second Pillar," World Bank Publications - Reports 16052, The World Bank Group.
    2. repec:wbk:wbpubs:6775 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Brunner, Gregory & Hinz, Richard & Rocha, Roberto, 2008. "Risk-based supervision of pension funds : a review of international experience and preliminary assessment of the first outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4491, The World Bank.

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    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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