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Are Intermediary Constraints Priced?

Author

Listed:
  • Du, Wenxin

    (University of Chicago)

  • Hebert, Benjamin

    (Stanford University and NBER)

  • Wang, Amy

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

Violations of no-arbitrage conditions measure the shadow cost of constraints on intermediaries, and the risk that these constraints tighten is priced. We demonstrate in an intermediary-based asset pricing model that violations of no-arbitrage such as covered interest rate parity (CIP) violations, along with intermediary wealth returns, can be used to price assets. We describe a “forward CIP trading strategy†that bets on CIP violations becoming smaller, and show that its returns help identify the price of the risk that the shadow cost of intermediary constraints increases. This risk contributes substantially to the volatility of the stochastic discount factor, and appears to be priced consistently in U.S. treasury, emerging market sovereign bond, and foreign exchange portfolios.

Suggested Citation

  • Du, Wenxin & Hebert, Benjamin & Wang, Amy, 2019. "Are Intermediary Constraints Priced?," Research Papers 3770, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecl:stabus:3770
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mario Cerrato & Shengfeng Mei, 2024. "Quantitative Easing, Banks’ Funding Costs and Credit Line Prices (updated version 2025_03)," Working Papers 2024_05, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    2. Gordon Y. Liao & Tony Zhang, 2020. "The Hedging Channel of Exchange Rate Determination," International Finance Discussion Papers 1283, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Mario Cerrato & Shengfeng Mei, 2025. "Quantitative Easing, Banks’ Funding Costs, and Credit Line Prices," Working Papers 2025_03, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    4. Hou, Ai Jun & Sarno, Lucio & Ye, Xiaoxia, 2025. "The trade imbalance network and currency returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    5. Ricardo Correa & Wenxin Du & Gordon Y. Liao, 2025. "US Banks and Global Liquidity," Journal of Political Economy Macroeconomics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(4), pages 574-620.
    6. Cerutti, Eugenio M. & Obstfeld, Maurice & Zhou, Haonan, 2021. "Covered interest parity deviations: Macrofinancial determinants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    7. Robin Greenwood & Samuel G. Hanson & Jeremy C. Stein & Adi Sunderam, 2020. "A Quantity-Driven Theory of Term Premia and Exchange Rates," NBER Working Papers 27615, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Nariman, Farhad & Heshmati, Almas, 2022. "Are Entrepreneurs Aware of Covered Interest Parity and Dollar Shortage?," IZA Discussion Papers 15216, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Pierre Olivier Gourinchas, 2023. "International Macroeconomics: From the Great Financial Crisis to COVID-19, and Beyond," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 71(1), pages 1-34, March.
    10. Hyeyoon Jung, 2021. "Real Consequences of Shocks to Intermediaries Supplying Corporate Hedging Instruments," Staff Reports 989, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    11. Ibhagui, Oyakhilome, 2021. "Real Output and Cross-Currency Basis Swap Spreads: Evidence from the Eurozone," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    12. Kubitza, Christian & Sigaux, Jean-David & Vandeweyer, Quentin, 2025. "The implications of CIP deviations for international capital flows," Working Paper Series 3017, European Central Bank.
    13. Li, Kai & Xu, Chenjie, 2024. "Intermediary-based equity term structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    14. Brøgger, Søren Bundgaard, 2021. "The market impact of predictable flows: Evidence from leveraged VIX products," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    15. Gino Cenedese & Pasquale Della Corte & Tianyu Wang, 2021. "Currency Mispricing and Dealer Balance Sheets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(6), pages 2763-2803, December.
    16. Pelizzon, Loriana & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. & Tomio, Davide, 2025. "Central Bank–Driven Mispricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    17. Aldunate, Felipe & Da, Zhi & Larrain, Borja & Sialm, Clemens, 2025. "Pension fund flows, exchange rates, and covered interest rate parity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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