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Gross, Net, and New Job Creation by Entrepreneurs

Author

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  • Astebro, Thomas B.

  • Tåg, Joacim

Abstract

Using a dataset with over 24 million observations and the universe of more than 230,000 entries into entrepreneurship we analyze the gross (including the founders), net (excluding the founders), and new (jobs to the former unemployed or those outside the labor force) job creation by entrepreneurs two and six years after start-up. These novel measures of job creation shows that the average entrepreneur does not create any jobs for any other than him/her-self, and typically arrives from having another job. Thus, short term job creation by entrepreneurs involves a reshuffling of jobs from older to new firms rather than creating new jobs.

Suggested Citation

  • Astebro, Thomas B. & Tåg, Joacim, 2017. "Gross, Net, and New Job Creation by Entrepreneurs," HEC Research Papers Series 1188, HEC Paris, revised 16 Jun 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebg:heccah:1188
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    Cited by:

    1. Frank M. Fossen & Mobarak Hossain & Sankar Mukhopadhyay & Peter Toth, 2025. "The cost of health insurance and entry into entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 383-405, February.
    2. Ege Can, 2022. "Income taxation, entrepreneurship, and incorporation status of self-employment," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 29(5), pages 1260-1293, October.
    3. Magnus Henrekson & Tino Sanandaji, 2020. "Measuring Entrepreneurship: Do Established Metrics Capture Schumpeterian Entrepreneurship?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(4), pages 733-760, July.
    4. Frank M. Fossen & Trevor McLemore & Alina Sorgner, 2024. "Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 20(8), pages 781-904, December.
    5. Hou, Ai Jun & Jonsson, Sara & Li, Xiaoyang & Ouyang, Qinglin, 2025. "From employee to entrepreneur: The role of unemployment risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    6. Catherine Laffineur & Maria Minniti & Benjamin Montmartin, 2023. "Does Knowledge in Management Foster Firm Creation and Performance?," GREDEG Working Papers 2023-19, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    7. Can, Ege & Fossen, Frank M., 2023. "Income Taxation and Hours Worked in Different Types of Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 16683, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Alan Bueno & Ben Hur Francisco Cardoso & Dominik Hartmann & Diogo Ferraz, 2024. "Does small firm dynamics matter for occupation diversity and job quality? Evidence from Brazil," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, December.
    9. Pietro Santoleri, 2020. "Innovation and job creation in (high-growth) new firms," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 29(3), pages 731-756.
    10. Lindquist, Matthew J. & Vladasel, Theodor, 2025. "Are entrepreneurs more upwardly mobile?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(4).
    11. Marco Caliendo & Frank M Fossen & Alexander S Kritikos, 2022. "Personality characteristics and the decision to hire [Do the unemployed become successful entrepreneurs?]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 31(3), pages 736-761.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

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