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The Competitive Effect of a Bank Megamerger on Credit Supply

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  • Hombert, Johan

  • Fraisse, Henri

  • Lé, Mathias

Abstract

We study the effect of a merger between two large banks on credit market competition. We identify the competitive effect of the merger using matched loan-level and firm-level data and exploiting variation in the merging banks' market overlap across local lending markets. On the credit market side, we find a reduction in lending, in particular through termination of relationships. In the average market, bank credit decreases by 2.7%. On the real side, firm exit increases by 4%, whereas firms that do not exit and firms that start up experience no adverse real effect on investment and employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Hombert, Johan & Fraisse, Henri & Lé, Mathias, 2016. "The Competitive Effect of a Bank Megamerger on Credit Supply," HEC Research Papers Series 1146, HEC Paris.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebg:heccah:1146
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Cuiyun & Wang, Qian, 2023. "Does digital finance aggravate bank competition? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    2. Lai, Shaojie & Chen, Lihan & Wang, Qing Sophie & Anderson, Hamish D., 2023. "Bank competition and corporate employment: Evidence from the geographic distribution of bank branches in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Anne-Laure Delatte & Adrien Matray & Noémie Pinardon-Touati, 2020. "Private Credit Under Political Influence: Evidence from France," Working Papers 2020-56, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    4. Elena Cefis & Cristina Bettinelli & Alex Coad & Orietta Marsili, 2022. "Correction to: Understanding firm exit: a systematic literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 447-447, August.
    5. Zhou, Bo & Wang, Qunwei, 2024. "FinTech matters in sustainable finance: Does it redistribute the supply of financial services?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Zhou, Bo & Zhang, Cheng, 2023. "When green finance meets banking competition: Evidence from hard-to-abate enterprises of China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    7. Uchino, Taisuke & Uesugi, Iichiro, 2022. "The effects of a megabank merger on firm-Bank relationships and loan availability☆," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    8. Zhang, Xiaoqian & Huang, Bin, 2022. "Does bank competition inhibit the formation of zombie firms?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1045-1060.
    9. Mi, Biao & Zhang, Luqiao & Han, Liang & Shen, Yun, 2024. "Bank market power and financial reporting quality," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    10. Otchere, Isaac & Abukari, Kobana, 2020. "Are super stock exchange mergers motivated by efficiency or market power gains?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. Baoqi Na & Katsutoshi Shimizu, 2024. "Working Capital Management and Bank Mergers," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-23, May.
    12. Jiri Gregor & Jan Janku & Martin Melecky, 2022. "From Central Counter to Local Living: Pass-Through of Monetary Policy to Mortgage Lending Rates in Districts," Working Papers 2022/9, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    13. Kouzez, Marc, 2023. "Political environment and bank performance: Does bank size matter?," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    14. IMANI, Yusuke & MINAMI, Koutaroh, 2025. "Wall of Main Bank : Bank Megamerger and Lending Adjustment," Working Paper Series G-1-29, Hitotsubashi University Center for Financial Research.
    15. Mohammed Alyakoob & Mohammad S. Rahman & Zaiyan Wei, 2021. "Where You Live Matters: Local Bank Competition, Online Marketplace Lending, and Disparity in Borrower Benefits," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(4), pages 1390-1411, December.
    16. Deng, Guoying & Fu, Xu & Zou, Jin & Yan, Jingzhou, 2025. "Enterprise digitalization and bank-enterprise ESG consistency: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    17. Théo Nicolas., 2023. "Bank Market Power and Interest Rate Setting: Why Consolidated Banking Data Matte [Pouvoir de marché des banques et fixation des taux d’intérêt : de l’importance de prendre en compte les données bancaires sur base consolidée]," Débats Economiques et financiers 40, Banque de France.
    18. Panagiotis Avramidis & Ioannis Asimakopoulos & Dimitris Malliaropulos, 2021. "Disrupted lending relationship and borrower's strategic default: evidence from the tourism industry during the Greek economic crisis," Working Papers 285, Bank of Greece.
    19. Masanori Orihara & Yoshiaki Ogura & Yue Cai, 2022. "Borrowing in Unsettled Times and Cash Holdings Afterwards," Working Papers 2207, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    20. Jingcheng Li & Menggang Li & Tianyang Wang & Xiuqin Feng, 2023. "Analysis of the Low-Carbon Transition Effect and Development Pattern of Green Credit for Prefecture-Level Cities in the Yellow River Basin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-22, March.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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