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L’a-priori et l’a posteriori en économie

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  • Philippe MONGIN

    (CNRS and HEC)

Abstract

Un article précédent étudiait la distinction sémantique de l'analytique et du synthétique et l'appliquait à la micro-économie; celui-ci confronte les propositions micro-économiques fondamentales à la distinction épistémologique de l'a priori et de l'a posteriori (ou de l'empirique), tout en s'efforçant de systématiser les quatre concepts. Après avoir repris la définition kantienne de l'a priori et le problème célèbre du synthétique a priori, on met en place deux grandes interprétations des propositions fondamentales, l'empirisme (illustré par l'école classique anglaise) et l'apriorisme (illustré par Von Mises au sein de l'école néo-classique autrichienne). On récuse les deux interprétations - la seconde avec plus de détail que la première. On conclut que les propositions fondamentales sont synthétiques, mais ni a priori, ni a posteriori ; cette catégorie échappe aux découpages ordinaires. On défend l'interprétation nouvelle en étudiant la loi des rendements décroissants et l'hypothèse de convexité des ensembles de production.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe MONGIN, 2007. "L’a-priori et l’a posteriori en économie," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 2007011, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    • Handle: RePEc:ctl:louvre:2007011
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    File URL: http://sites.uclouvain.be/econ/DP/REL/2007011.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mongin, P., 1998. "Does Optimization Imply Rationality?," Papers 9817, Paris X - Nanterre, U.F.R. de Sc. Ec. Gest. Maths Infor..
    2. Philippe Mongin, 2003. "L'axiomatisation et les théories économiques," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 54(1), pages 99-138.
    3. Machlup, Fritz, 1978. "Methodology of Economics and Other Social Sciences," Elsevier Monographs, Elsevier, edition 1, number 9780124645509 edited by Shell, Karl.
    4. Debreu, Gerard, 1993. "Existence of competitive equilibrium," Handbook of Mathematical Economics, in: K. J. Arrow & M.D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Mathematical Economics, edition 4, volume 2, chapter 15, pages 697-743, Elsevier.
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    Cited by:

    1. Schinckus, Christophe, 2015. "Positivism in finance and its implication for the diversification finance research," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 103-106.
    2. Philippe Mongin, 2005. "On the Confirmation of the Law of Demand," Working Papers hal-00242978, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    a priori; a posteriori; empirique; synthétique a priori; empirisme; aphorisme; Kant; Von Mises; loi des rendements; décroissants; convexité; additivité; théorie du producteur;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B41 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - Economic Methodology
    • B21 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Microeconomics
    • D20 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - General

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