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Prix de transfert optimaux et comportement stratégique des multinationales

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  • Thierry MADIES

    (Faculté des sciences économiques et sociales, Université de Fribourg)

Abstract

L'objet de cet article est de proposer un modèle permettant de déterminer le prix de transfert optimal entre deux filiales d'une multinationale qui choisissent de façon décentralisée les quantités (concurrence à la Cournot) ou les prix optimaux (concurrence à la Bertrand) sur les marchés oligopolistiques où elles opèrent. Nous montrons que le prix de transfert qui permet à la multinationale de maximiser ses bénéfices consolidés est fonction de trois effets : (1) un effet « transfert de bénéfice » qui dépend de la comparaison des taux d'impôt entre les deux pays où sont situés les filiales; (2) un « effet stratégique » qui provient de ce qu'un prix de transfert sous évalué (inférieur au coût marginal de production de la filiale exportatrice) peut permettre à la filiale étrangère d'être plus agressive sur son marché; (3) un « effet de rétroaction » qui constitue une force de rappel par rapport aux deuxième effet dans le sens où si les coûts marginaux de production de la filiales exportatrice sont croissants, une augmentation des quantités vendues par la filiale étrangère réduit la production de la filiale exportatrice sur son propre marché (et par là même ses profits). Nous montrons en outre que si les coûts de production ne sont plus identiques, le prix de transfert optimal sera d'autant plus faible dans une concurrence à la Cournot que le coût marginal de production de la filiale exportatrice est lui-même faible. Nous étudions enfin les conditions (fiscales) sous lesquelles la multinationale peut exclure les entreprises concurrentes du marché du bien final quand elle les approvisionne en input intermédiaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Thierry MADIES, 2004. "Prix de transfert optimaux et comportement stratégique des multinationales," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 2003043, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
  • Handle: RePEc:ctl:louvre:2003043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multinationale; prix de transfert; fiscalité internationale; transfert de bénéfice;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

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