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Climate Risk, Bank Lending and Monetary Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Altavilla, Carlo
  • Boucinha, Miguel
  • Pagano, Marco
  • Polo, Andrea

Abstract

Combining euro-area credit register and carbon emission data, we provide evidence of a climate risk-taking channel in banks’ lending policies. Banks charge higher interest rates to firms featuring greater carbon emissions, and lower rates to firms committing to lower emissions, controlling for their probability of default. Both effects are larger for banks committed to decarbonization. Consistently with the risk-taking channel of monetary policy, tighter policy induces banks to increase both credit risk premia and carbon emission premia, and reduce lending to high emission firms more than to low emission ones. While restrictive monetary policy increases the cost of credit and reduces lending to all firms, its contractionary effect is milder for firms with low emissions and those that commit to decarbonization.

Suggested Citation

  • Altavilla, Carlo & Boucinha, Miguel & Pagano, Marco & Polo, Andrea, 2023. "Climate Risk, Bank Lending and Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 18541, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:18541
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    Cited by:

    1. is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Zhang, Jintao & Lei, Xinghui & Su, Taoyong & Li, Ziyao, 2025. "Credit availability of energy-intensive industries in emerging economies: Do financially established firms have better access to credit?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    3. Tommaso Oliviero & Sandro Rondinella & Alberto Zazzaro, 2024. "Are green firms more financially constrained? The sensitivity of investment to cash flow," CSEF Working Papers 700, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    4. repec:osf:osfxxx:kqdar_v2 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Fabrizio Ferriani & Marcello Pericoli, 2024. "ESG risks and corporate viability: insights from default probability term structure analysis," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 892, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    6. Fatih Kansoy & Dominykas Stasiulaitis, 2025. "Green Shields: The Role of ESG in Uncertain Times," Economics Series Working Papers 1082, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    7. Green, Daniel & Vallee, Boris, 2025. "Measurement and effects of bank exit policies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    8. Ozili, Peterson K, 2025. "Carbon emissions, financial stability and bank profitability in non-crisis years," MPRA Paper 125566, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Fatih Kansoy & Dominykas Stasiulaitis, 2025. "Green Shields: The Role of ESG in Uncertain Time," Papers 2506.02143, arXiv.org.
    10. Bauer, Michael D. & Offner, Eric A. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 2025. "Green stocks and monetary policy shocks: Evidence from Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    11. Torsten Ehlers & Jon Frost & Carlos Madeira & Ilhyock Shim, 2025. "Macroeconomic impact of weather disasters: a global and sectoral analysis," BIS Working Papers 1292, Bank for International Settlements.
    12. Benchora, Inessa & Leroy, Aurélien & Raffestin, Louis, 2025. "Is monetary policy transmission green?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    13. repec:osf:osfxxx:kqdar_v1 is not listed on IDEAS

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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