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Perceptions about Monetary Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Bauer, Michael
  • Pflueger, Carolin
  • Sunderam, Adi

Abstract

We estimate perceptions about the Fed's monetary policy rule from panel data on professional forecasts of interest rates and macroeconomic conditions. The perceived dependence of the federal funds rate on economic conditions is time-varying and cyclical: high during tightening episodes but low during easings. Forecasters update their perceptions about the policy rule in response to monetary policy actions, measured by high-frequency interest rate surprises, suggesting that forecasters have imperfect information about the rule. The perceived rule impacts asset prices crucial for monetary policy transmission, driving how interest rates respond to macroeconomic news and explaining term premia in long-term interest rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Bauer, Michael & Pflueger, Carolin & Sunderam, Adi, 2022. "Perceptions about Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 17758, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:17758
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    2. Hack, Lukas & Istrefi, Klodiana & Meier, Matthias, 2023. "Identification of Systematic Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 17999, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Chenyu Hou & Tao Wang, 2025. "Uncovering Subjective Models from Survey Expectations," Staff Working Papers 25-31, Bank of Canada.
    4. Nadezhda Ivanova & Andrey Sinyakov & Konstantin Styrin, 2024. "Reassessing the Effectiveness and Transmission of Monetary Policy: Review of the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, vol. 83(4), pages 119-144, December.
    5. Pflueger, Carolin, 2025. "Back to the 1980s or not? The drivers of inflation and real risks in Treasury bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    6. Eric Fischer & Rebecca McCaughrin & Saketh Prazad & Mark Vandergon, 2023. "Fed Transparency and Policy Expectation Errors: A Text Analysis Approach," Staff Reports 1081, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    7. Zeng, Wendy & Johnson, William & Davis, James D., 2024. "United States and Global Macroeconomic Projections to 2033," Economic Information Bulletin 342469, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    8. Hansen, Anne Lundgaard, 2024. "Time-varying variance decomposition of macro-finance term structure models," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    9. Vincenzo Cuciniello, 2024. "Market perceptions, monetary policy, and credibility," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1449, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    10. Svec, Justin & Tortorice, Daniel L., 2025. "Asserting independence: Optimal monetary policy when the central bank and political authority disagree," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    11. Sylvérie Herbert & Paul Hubert & Mathias Lé, 2025. "When does Monetary Policy Matter? Policy Stance vs. Term Premium News," Working papers 1017, Banque de France.
    12. Zhang, Dongyang & He, Yurun & Lu, Meiting, 2024. "Is energy firms' investment behavior more sensitive on corporate perception of monetary policy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    13. Paul Hubert & Rose Portier, 2025. "The Signaling Effects of Tightening and Easing Monetary Policy," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-05097460, HAL.
    14. Bertsch, Christoph & Hull, Isaiah & Lumsdaine, Robin L. & Zhang, Xin, 2025. "Central bank mandates and monetary policy stances: Through the lens of Federal Reserve speeches," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 249(PC).
    15. Yuliya Rychalovska & Sergey Slobodyan & Rafael Wouters, 2023. "Professional Survey Forecasts and Expectations in DSGE Models," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp766, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    16. Rychalovska, Yuliya & Slobodyan, Sergey & Wouters, Raf, 2025. "Survey expectations, learning and inflation dynamics," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    17. Richard K. Crump & Stefano Eusepi & Emanuel Moench & Bruce Preston, 2025. "How Do We Learn About the Long Run?," Staff Reports 1150, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    18. Ben Knox & Yannick Timmer, 2024. "Stagflationary Stock Returns," CESifo Working Paper Series 11236, CESifo.
    19. Filippo Busetto, 2024. "Asymmetric expectations of monetary policy," Bank of England working papers 1058, Bank of England.
    20. Kamps, Christophe & Bussière, Matthieu & Niessner, Birgit & Tristani, Oreste & Christoffel, Kai & Kapadia, Sujit & Ferrero, Giuseppe & Gilbert, Niels & Vlassopoulos, Thomas & Motto, Roberto & Gerke, R, 2025. "Report on monetary policy tools, strategy and communication," Occasional Paper Series 372, European Central Bank.
    21. Alistair Macaulay & Wenting Song, 2022. "Narrative-Driven Fluctuations in Sentiment: Evidence Linking Traditional and Social Media," Economics Series Working Papers 973, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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