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External Trade, Skill, Technology and the recent increase of income inequality in Colombia

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  • Mauricio SANTAMARÍA SALAMANCA

Abstract

This paper’s main objectives are thus to investigate the evolution of the distribution of labor income in Colombia during the previous 20 years and to identify the factors that lie behind this evolution. We attack the problem from two perspectives. First, we use a partial equilibrium model of the labor market to study developments related to the distribution of labor earnings of a homogeneous sample of individuals (homogeneous in terms of labor market attachement and geographical location), using skills as our primary tool of analysis. That is, a simple supplydemand framework for different dimensions and levels of skill is utilized to evaluate the role these variables played, and how they affected the distribution of labor earnings at different points in time. Second, we relate income to several demographical, skill and labor market factors, to isolate the effect these have had on the evolution of that distribution along the entire income range, and on other measures of overall dispersion and on skill differentials. We assess the merit of different explanations and quantify the contribution of each factor to the total observed changes. This second approach uses semi-parametric techniques that allow an analysis of the entire distribution, without assuming a specific parametric form. The difficulty of measuring the effects of trade on income distribution has been long recognized. It has created much debate (see the various articles in Collins, 1998, Cline, 1997 and Kosters, 1991). For this reason we avoid making causal arguments and restrict ourselves to measuring the degree of association between variables. This provides valuable information on the way that foreign trade interacts with earnings and skills.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio SANTAMARÍA SALAMANCA, 2001. "External Trade, Skill, Technology and the recent increase of income inequality in Colombia," Archivos de Economía 2705, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000118:002705
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan Carlos ECHEVERRY GARZON & Andrés ESCOBAR ARANGO & César MERCHAN HERNANDEZ & Gabriel PIRAQUIVE GALEANO, 2001. "Elementos para el debate sobre una nueva reforma pensional en Colombia," Archivos de Economía 11243, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Lasso, Francisco Javier & Tovar, Camilo Ernesto & Ocampo, José Antonio & Pérez, María José, 1998. "Macroeconomía, ajuste estructural y equidad en Colombia: 1978-1996," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 31169, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    3. Javier A. Birchenall, 2007. "Income distribution and macroeconomics in Colombia," Journal of Income Distribution, Ad libros publications inc., vol. 16(2), pages 6-24, June.
    4. Fernando MESA PARRA, 2001. "Strategic Trade Policy and Exchange Rate Uncertainty," Archivos de Economía 3527, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    5. Castro Carlos Alberto, 2001. "Eficiencia-X en el sector bancario colombiano," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, September.
    6. Ortega, Juan Ricardo & Piraquive, Gabriel Armando & Hernandez, Gustavo Adolfo & Soto, Carolina & Prada, Sergio & Ramirez, Juan Mauricio, 2000. "Incidencia fiscal de los incentivos tributarios [Fiscal Incidence of tax incentives]," MPRA Paper 14016, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Carlos Pombo, 1994. "Comercio intraindustrial: el caso colombiano," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. World Bank, 2004. "Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14913, December.
    2. World Bank, 2002. "Colombia : Poverty Report, Volume 1. Main Report," World Bank Publications - Reports 15294, The World Bank Group.
    3. Stefano Farne & Carlos Andrés Vergara, 2008. "Los profesionales colombianos en el siglo XXI ¿Más estudian, más ganan?," OBS. MERCADO DE TRABAJO Y SEGURIDAD SOCIAL 005268, UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA.
    4. World Bank, 2003. "Brazil : Inequality and Economic Development, Volume 1. Policy Report," World Bank Publications - Reports 14653, The World Bank Group.

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