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La Economía Del Cambio Climático

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  • Carlos Gustavo Cano

Abstract

El cambio climático es una realidad inequívoca. Sus impactos en el mediano y ellargo plazo constituyen la más grave amenaza para la supervivencia de las próximasgeneraciones. Y en el corto plazo, los países en vía de desarrollo, que en su mayoríase encuentran en el trópico y por tanto experimentan las más altas temperaturas,además de contar con economías fuertemente dependientes de la agricultura, son losmás expuestos a los potenciales daños provocados por el fenómeno, a pesar de sumínima contribución a las principales causas del mismo, o sea la emisión de losdenominados gases de efecto invernadero provenientes del uso de los combustiblesfósiles. Desde el ángulo de la ciencia económica, el cambio climático constituye lamás pronunciada falla del mercado en la historia de la humanidad. Por tanto, laforma más eficaz de emprender desde ahora su corrección debe ser a través demecanismos del propio mercado, de suerte que, dentro del marco de la teoría de lasexternalidades de Pigou, fundamentalmente por intermedio de medidas de índolefiscal, sus costos - y sus beneficios - se reflejen en los precios de los bienes y servicios.Específicamente un sistema combinado de `topes y comercio´ y de gravámenes a lasemisiones de flujos de carbono, inspirado en la experiencia pionera de la UniónEuropea tanto en el ámbito de la llamada reforma fiscal ecológica como en elmercado de los créditos de carbono, y adoptado a nivel global, debe ser el primerpaso en esa dirección. Igualmente es urgente otorgarle a la reducción de ladeforestación - la mayor fuente de las emisiones en las áreas tropicales - y a lareforestación y la forestación según el caso, el reconocimiento como actividadeselegibles para el otorgamiento de créditos de carbono. Y, en el caso de Colombia, enasocio de sus vecinos de la Amazonia, donde se encuentra el 40 por ciento del bosquetropical húmedo que aún queda en el planeta, la formulación y ejecución de unmegaproyecto en dicha macro-región, a fin de someterlo a la consideración de lapróxima cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio climático a finales del 2009en Conpenhage, como el primero y más grande avance del mundo en tal materia.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Gustavo Cano, 2008. "La Economía Del Cambio Climático," Borradores de Economia 5006, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:005006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tavoni, Massimo & Sohngen, Brent & Bosetti, Valentina, 2007. "Forestry and the carbon market response to stabilize climate," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 5346-5353, November.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    cambio climático; agricultura; teoría de las externalidades de Pigouy Amazonia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H42 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Publicly Provided Private Goods
    • Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - General

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