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La Econom�A Del Cambio Clim�Tico

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  • Carlos Gustavo Cano

Abstract

El cambio clim�tico es una realidad inequ�voca. Sus impactos en el mediano y ellargo plazo constituyen la m�s grave amenaza para la supervivencia de las pr�ximasgeneraciones. Y en el corto plazo, los pa�ses en v�a de desarrollo, que en su mayor�ase encuentran en el tr�pico y por tanto experimentan las m�s altas temperaturas,adem�s de contar con econom�as fuertemente dependientes de la agricultura, son losm�s expuestos a los potenciales da�os provocados por el fen�meno, a pesar de sum�nima contribuci�n a las principales causas del mismo, o sea la emisi�n de losdenominados gases de efecto invernadero provenientes del uso de los combustiblesf�siles. Desde el �ngulo de la ciencia econ�mica, el cambio clim�tico constituye lam�s pronunciada falla del mercado en la historia de la humanidad. Por tanto, laforma m�s eficaz de emprender desde ahora su correcci�n debe ser a trav�s demecanismos del propio mercado, de suerte que, dentro del marco de la teor�a de lasexternalidades de Pigou, fundamentalmente por intermedio de medidas de �ndolefiscal, sus costos - y sus beneficios - se reflejen en los precios de los bienes y servicios.Espec�ficamente un sistema combinado de `topes y comercio� y de grav�menes a lasemisiones de flujos de carbono, inspirado en la experiencia pionera de la Uni�nEuropea tanto en el �mbito de la llamada reforma fiscal ecol�gica como en elmercado de los cr�ditos de carbono, y adoptado a nivel global, debe ser el primerpaso en esa direcci�n. Igualmente es urgente otorgarle a la reducci�n de ladeforestaci�n - la mayor fuente de las emisiones en las �reas tropicales - y a lareforestaci�n y la forestaci�n seg�n el caso, el reconocimiento como actividadeselegibles para el otorgamiento de cr�ditos de carbono. Y, en el caso de Colombia, enasocio de sus vecinos de la Amazonia, donde se encuentra el 40 por ciento del bosquetropical h�medo que a�n queda en el planeta, la formulaci�n y ejecuci�n de unmegaproyecto en dicha macro-regi�n, a fin de someterlo a la consideraci�n de lapr�xima cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio clim�tico a finales del 2009en Conpenhage, como el primero y m�s grande avance del mundo en tal materia.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Gustavo Cano, 2008. "La Econom�A Del Cambio Clim�Tico," Borradores de Economia 5006, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:005006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tavoni, Massimo & Sohngen, Brent & Bosetti, Valentina, 2007. "Forestry and the carbon market response to stabilize climate," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 5346-5353, November.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    cambio clim�tico; agricultura; teor�a de las externalidades de Pigouy Amazonia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H42 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Publicly Provided Private Goods
    • Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - General

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