Author
Listed:
- Mehdi Ammi
- Erin C. Strumpf
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems and reduced access to healthcare and preventive services. However, it remains unclear whether certain groups were disproportionately affected. This study examines these issues with a focus on equity groups: women, visible minorities, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, sexual minorities, immigrants, and individuals who did not complete secondary education. The study draw on data from the he Canadian Community Health Survey and the Canadian Income Survey, supplemented with additional data sources. The empirical strategy is based on quasi-experimental econometric methods. Overall in Canada, the findings indicate that some minority groups were not affected differently by the pandemic but several others saw their access to healthcare deteriorate more than that of their majority-group counterparts: individuals who did not complete secondary education, persons with disabilities, certain racialized groups, and Indigenous peoples. The severity of public health restrictions tended to amplify these effects. In Quebec, the deterioration in access to healthcare was more pronounced among individuals without a secondary school diploma, recent immigrants, and allophone populations. These findings highlight the need for targeted health policies tailored to the realities of the most vulnerable groups. The study also highlights the need to strengthen the collection of high-quality data on a wide range of indicators relating to access to healthcare and preventive services. La pandémie de COVID-19 a bouleversé les systèmes de santé et réduit l’accessibilité aux soins et services préventifs, mais il n’est pas clair si certains groupes ont été plus affectés que d’autres. Cette étude examine ces enjeux en mettant l’accent sur les groupes visés par l’équité à savoir les femmes, les minorités visibles, les personnes autochtones, les personnes en situation de handicap, les minorités sexuelles, les immigrants, les minorités linguistiques et les personnes n’ayant pas complété leurs études secondaires. L’analyse mobilise les données de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC) et de l’Enquête canadienne sur le revenu (ECR), enrichies par d’autres sources de données. L’approche empirique repose sur des méthodes économétriques quasi-expérimentales. De façon globale au Canada, les résultats indiquent que certains groupes minorisés n’ont pas été touchés différemment par la pandémie, mais plusieurs autres ont vu leur accessibilité aux soins se détériorer davantage que celle de leurs homologues majoritaires : les personnes n’ayant pas terminé leurs études secondaires, celles en situation de handicap, certains groupes racisés et les personnes autochtones. La sévérité des restrictions sanitaires tend à avoir amplifié ces effets. Au Québec, la détérioration de l’accès aux soins a été plus marquée chez les personnes sans diplôme d’études secondaires, les immigrants récents et les personnes allophones. Ces constats mettent en lumière la nécessité de politiques de santé ciblées et adaptées aux réalités des groupes plus vulnérables. L'étude met également en évidence la nécessité de renforcer la collecte de données de haute qualité sur un large éventail d’indicateurs sur l’accès aux soins et les services préventifs.
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JEL classification:
- I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
- I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
- I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
- D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
- H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
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