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Future European Alliance - Europe as a Flexible Democracy

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  • Bruno S. Frey
  • Armin Steuernagel
  • Jonas Friedrich

Abstract

A reasonable future for Europe can only be achieved if two essential elements are fulfilled: Firstly, newly established institutions must be democratic and have strong support from citizens rather than from national governments. Secondly, the large number of different ethnic, cultural, religious, and regional units existing on the European continent must be able to maintain their identity. This diversity must be institutionally supported rather than be undermined by standardization and centralization. We suggest political institutions, which are formed to meet these goals, following the example of Functional, Overlapping, Competing Jurisdictions (FOCJ). If these two goals are adequately reached, a future alliance raises the identification with the European project, and induces citizens to exhibit civic virtue in strengthening these goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno S. Frey & Armin Steuernagel & Jonas Friedrich, 2018. "Future European Alliance - Europe as a Flexible Democracy," CESifo Working Paper Series 7270, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7270
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andreas Follesdal & Simon Hix, 2006. "Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44, pages 533-562, September.
    2. Bruni S. Frey, 1999. "The New Democratic Federalism For Europe," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1679 edited by Reiner Eichenberger.
    3. Reiner Eichenberger & Bruno S. Frey, 2006. "Functional, Overlapping and Competing Jurisdictions (FOCJ): A Complement and Alternative to Today's Federalism," Chapters, in: Ehtisham Ahmad & Giorgio Brosio (ed.), Handbook of Fiscal Federalism, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Olson, Mancur, Jr, 1969. "The Principle of "Fiscal Equivalence": The Division of Responsibilities among Different Levels of Government," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(2), pages 479-487, May.
    5. Andreas Follesdal & Simon Hix, 2006. "Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(3), pages 533-562, September.
    6. Bruno Frey, 1996. "A directly democratic and Federal Europe," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 7(4), pages 267-279, December.
    7. Bruno S. Frey & Reiner Eichenberger, 1995. "Competition among Jurisdictions: The Idea of FOCJ," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Lüder Gerken (ed.), Competition among Institutions, chapter 8, pages 209-229, Palgrave Macmillan.
    8. Frey, Bruno S, 1997. "A Constitution for Knaves Crowds Out Civic Virtues," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 107(443), pages 1043-1053, July.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    europe; flexible institutions; identity; diversity; FOCJ; European Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H10 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - General
    • H40 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - General
    • K33 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - International Law
    • P40 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - General
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

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