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Dynamics of Race: Joining, Leaving, and Staying in the American Indian/Alaska Native Race Category between 2000 and 2010

Author

Listed:
  • Carolyn A. Liebler
  • Renuka Bhaskar
  • Sonya Rastogi

Abstract

Each census for decades has seen the American Indian and Alaska Native population increase substantially more than expected. Changes in racial reporting seem to play an important role in the observed net increases, though research has been hampered by data limitations. We address previously unanswerable questions about race response change among American Indian and Alaska Natives (hereafter “American Indians”) using uniquely-suited (but not nationally representative) linked data from the 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses (N = 3.1 million) and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (N = 188,131). To what extent do people change responses to include or exclude American Indian? How are people who change responses similar to or different from those who do not? How are people who join a group similar to or different from those who leave it? We find considerable race response change by people in our data, especially by multiple-race and/or Hispanic American Indians. This turnover is hidden in cross-sectional comparisons because people joining the group are similar in number and characteristics to those who leave the group. People in our data who changed their race response to add or drop American Indian differ from those who kept the same race response in 2000 and 2010 and from those who moved between a single-race and multiple-race American Indian response. Those who consistently reported American Indian (including those who added or dropped another race response) were relatively likely to report a tribe, live in an American Indian area, report American Indian ancestry, and live in the West. There are significant differences between those who joined and those who left a specific American Indian response group, but poor model fit indicates general similarity between joiners and leavers. Response changes should be considered when conceptualizing and operationalizing “the American Indian and Alaska Native population.”

Suggested Citation

  • Carolyn A. Liebler & Renuka Bhaskar & Sonya Rastogi, 2014. "Dynamics of Race: Joining, Leaving, and Staying in the American Indian/Alaska Native Race Category between 2000 and 2010," CARRA Working Papers 2014-10, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    • Handle: RePEc:cen:cpaper:2014-10
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carolyn Liebler & Timothy Ortyl, 2014. "More Than One Million New American Indians in 2000: Who Are They?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 1101-1130, June.
    2. Karl Eschbach, 1993. "Changing identification among American Indians and Alaska natives," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 30(4), pages 635-652, November.
    3. Jeffrey Passel, 1976. "Provisional evaluation of the 1970 census count of American Indians," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 13(3), pages 397-409, August.
    4. Mary Layne & Deborah Wagner & Cynthia Rothhaas, 2014. "Estimating Record Linkage False Match Rate for the Person Identification Validation System," CARRA Working Papers 2014-02, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    5. Brittany Bond & J. David Brown & Adela Luque & Amy O’Hara, 2014. "The Nature of the Bias When Studying Only Linkable Person Records: Evidence from the American Community Survey," CARRA Working Papers 2014-08, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Sonya Rastogi & Leticia Fernandez & Leticia Fernandez & Ellen Zapata & Renuka Bhaskar, 2014. "Exploring Administrative Records Use for Race and Hispanic Origin Item Non-Response," CARRA Working Papers 2014-16, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    7. Carolyn A. Lieble & Sonya Rastogi & Leticia E. Fernandez & James M. Noon & Sharon R. Ennis, 2014. "America’s Churning Races: Race and Ethnic Response Changes between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census," CARRA Working Papers 2014-09, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. Karl Eschbach & Khalil Supple & C. Snipp, 1998. "Changes in racial identification and the educational attainment of American Indians, 1970–1990," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 35(1), pages 35-43, February.
    9. Espey, D.K. & Jim, M.A. & Richards, T.B. & Begay, C. & Haverkamp, D. & Roberts, D., 2014. "Methods for improving the quality and completeness of mortality data for American Indians and Alaska Natives," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(S3), pages 286-294.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sonya Rastogi & Carolyn A. Liebler & James M. Noon, 2015. "An outside view: What do observers say about others’ races and Hispanic origins?," CARRA Working Papers 2015-05, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

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