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A Cycle of Dependence: Automobiles, Accessibility, and the Evolution of the Transportation and Retail Hierarchies

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  • Handy, Susan

Abstract

This paper explores how the automobile has indirectly led to dramatic changes in patterns of accessibility to retail and service activity within metropolitan regions. The automobile instigated a greater articulation of the hierarchy of transportation facilities, as reflected in a greater differentiation between the local and the regional systems. At the same time, the automobile instigated a collapse in the retail hierarchy, by encouraging the growth of community and regional centers at the expense of local shops and the central business district. The result has been a cycle of dependence, in which suburban communities are designed for the automobile, leaving residents little choice but to drive. Access to retail activity is now dependent on the automobile but vulnerable to increasing levels of congestion that are driven by dependence on the automobile.

Suggested Citation

  • Handy, Susan, 1993. "A Cycle of Dependence: Automobiles, Accessibility, and the Evolution of the Transportation and Retail Hierarchies," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt15g4c2j8, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt15g4c2j8
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael W. Mehaffy, 2018. "Neighborhood “Choice Architecture”: A New Strategy for Lower-Emissions Urban Planning?," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 113-127.
    2. Stéphanie Souche & Aurelie Mercier & Nicolas Ovtracht, 2016. "The impacts of urban pricing on social and spatial inequalities: The case study of Lyon (France)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(2), pages 373-399, February.
    3. Parker, Cory, 2019. "Bicycle use and accessibility among people experiencing homelessness in California cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Denver V Nixon, 2012. "A Sense of Momentum: Mobility Practices and Dis/Embodied Landscapes of Energy Use," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(7), pages 1661-1678, July.
    5. Wiersma, J.K., 2020. "Commuting patterns and car dependency in urban regions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    6. Bocarejo S., Juan Pablo & Oviedo H., Daniel Ricardo, 2012. "Transport accessibility and social inequities: a tool for identification of mobility needs and evaluation of transport investments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 142-154.
    7. Wiersma, J. & Bertolini, L. & Straatemeier, T., 2017. "Adapting spatial conditions to reduce car dependency in mid-sized ‘post growth’ European city regions: The case of South Limburg, Netherlands," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 62-69.
    8. Michael W. Mehaffy, 2018. "Neighborhood “Choice Architecture”: A New Strategy for Lower-Emissions Urban Planning?," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 113-127.
    9. Rachel Weinberger & Frank Goetzke, 2010. "Unpacking Preference: How Previous Experience Affects Auto Ownership in the United States," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(10), pages 2111-2128, September.
    10. Gould, Jane & Golob, Thomas F., 2000. "Consumer E-Commerce, Virtual Accessibility and Sustainable Transport," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt8hr3760g, University of California Transportation Center.
    11. Gould, Jane & Golob, Thomas F., 2000. "Consumer E-Commerce, Virtual Accessibility and Sustainable Transport," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt1rc1902p, University of California Transportation Center.
    12. Handy, Susan L, 2002. "Accessibility- vs. Mobility-Enhancing Strategies for Addressing Automobile Dependence in the U.S," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5kn4s4pb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    13. Moya-Gómez, Borja & García-Palomares, Juan Carlos, 2017. "The impacts of congestion on automobile accessibility. What happens in large European cities?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 148-159.

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