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Research Streams in Biodiversity Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Agenda

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  • Lennart Ante
  • Friedrich-Philipp Wazinski
  • Aman Saggu

Abstract

Biodiversity loss is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, threatening ecosystem stability, economic resilience, and human well-being, with billions required to reverse current trends. Against this backdrop, biodiversity finance has emerged as a rapidly expanding but highly fragmented field spanning ecology, economics, finance, accounting, and policy. However, it remains emerging and complex, with the majority of relevant knowledge being produced in non-finance journals. This study employs quantitative bibliometric analysis to examine a corpus of 189,456 references underlying 3,998 articles related to biodiversity and finance. The analysis identifies eight primary research streams within the field that concern (1) strategic and financial approaches in global biodiversity conservation, (2) the impact and implementation of payments for environmental services (PES) in developing countries, (3) neoliberal influences and implications in environmental conservation, (4) biodiversity offsets and conservation, (5) ecosystem services and biodiversity, (6) integrating conservation and community interests in biodiversity management, (7) balancing agricultural intensification with biodiversity conservation, and (8) global and corporate biodiversity reporting. The characteristics of each research stream and its prevalent publications are outlined, alongside an analysis of their temporal evolution and the degree of information exchange among the research streams. The findings provide a structured map of the intellectual architecture of biodiversity finance, document pronounced silos between economically-oriented and critical/political-economy research streams, and translate these patterns into a focused research agenda and implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and corporate actors.

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  • Lennart Ante & Friedrich-Philipp Wazinski & Aman Saggu, 2026. "Research Streams in Biodiversity Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Agenda," Papers 2604.21569, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2604.21569
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    1. Murat Arsel & Bram Büscher, 2012. "Nature™ Inc.: Changes and Continuities in Neoliberal Conservation and Market-based Environmental Policy," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 43(1), pages 53-78, January.
    2. Wunder, Sven & Engel, Stefanie & Pagiola, Stefano, 2008. "Taking stock: A comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(4), pages 834-852, May.
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