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Pensions des pouvoirs locaux en Belgique : La réforme de 2018 à l’épreuve de l’équité intergénérationnelle

Author

Listed:
  • Devolder, Pierre

    (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium)

  • Hartmann, Kevin

    (KULeuven)

Abstract

Cet article examine l’impact de la réforme belge des pensions du 30 mars 2018 sur l’équité intergénérationnelle entre les fonctionnaires et les agents contractuels des administrations locales. Conçue pour corriger des déséquilibres historiques, la réforme introduit un système de pension mixte et un deuxième pilier pour les contractuels. Nous avons analysé ces évolutions à travers des simulations, en modélisant et comparant les taux de remplacement et les niveaux de pension pour différents profils, tout en mettant en lumière l’impact des nominations et des affiliations tardives. Les résultats révèlent que, si certaines inégalités entre statuts ont été réduites par la réforme, de nouvelles disparités intergénérationnelles ont émergé. Les générations intermédiaires, en particulier les agents affiliés tardivement au deuxième pilier, affichent des taux de remplacement inférieurs, comparés aussi bien aux fonctionnaires disposant d’une pension complète qu’aux jeunes contractuels, qui bénéficient davantage du système grâce à un horizon temporel plus favorable. Ces résultats soulignent les difficultés d’un modèle de capitalisation dans un contexte de transition rapide. Pour favoriser une transition plus équitable et assurer une meilleure viabilité du système, l’article évoque des ajustements dynamiques des contributions ainsi que des mécanismes de compensation ciblés pour les agents les plus impactés. Il évalue également l’effet de certains projets de réforme envisagés pour la pension statutaire qui rendront les enjeux d’équité d’autant plus prégnants.

Suggested Citation

  • Devolder, Pierre & Hartmann, Kevin, 2025. "Pensions des pouvoirs locaux en Belgique : La réforme de 2018 à l’épreuve de l’équité intergénérationnelle," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2025001, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
  • Handle: RePEc:aiz:louvad:2025001
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard Hinz & Robert Holzmann, 2005. "Old Age Income Support in the 21st century: An International Perspective on Pension Systems and Reform," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7336, April.
    2. Axel Gosseries & Mathias Hungerbühler, 2006. "Rule change and intergenerational justice," Chapters, in: Joerg Chet Tremmel (ed.), Handbook of Intergenerational Justice, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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