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Partially Overlapping Time Series: A New Model for Volatility Dynamics in Commodity Futures

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  • Smith, Aaron D.

Abstract

In commodity futures markets, contracts with various delivery dates trade simultaneously. Applied researchers typically discard the majority of the data and form a single time series by choosing only one price observation per day. This strategy precludes a full understanding of these markets and can induce complicated nonlinear dynamics in the data. In this paper, I introduce the partially overlapping time series (POTS) model to model jointly all traded contracts. The POTS model incorporates time-to-delivery, storability, seasonality, and GARCH effects. I apply the POTS model to corn futures at the Chicago Board of Trade and the results uncover substantial inefficiency associated with delivery on corn futures. The results also support two theories of commodity pricing: the theory of storage and the Samuelson effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, Aaron D., 2004. "Partially Overlapping Time Series: A New Model for Volatility Dynamics in Commodity Futures," Working Papers 11978, University of California, Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ucdavw:11978
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.11978
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    2. Xiaoli L. Etienne & Mindy L. Mallory & Scott H. Irwin, 2017. "Estimating the cost of pre‐harvest forward contracting corn and soybeans in Illinois before and after 2007," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 358-377, June.
    3. Li, Jianping & Li, Guowen & Liu, Mingxi & Zhu, Xiaoqian & Wei, Lu, 2022. "A novel text-based framework for forecasting agricultural futures using massive online news headlines," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 35-50.
    4. Suenaga, Hiroaki, 2013. "Measuring bias in a term-structure model of commodity prices through the comparison of simultaneous and sequential estimation," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 53-66.
    5. Berna Karali & Jeffrey H. Dorfman & Walter N. Thurman, 2010. "Do volatility determinants vary across futures contracts? Insights from a smoothed Bayesian estimator," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(3), pages 257-277, March.
    6. Gabriel E Lade & C -Y Cynthia Lin Lawell & Aaron Smith, 2018. "Policy Shocks and Market-Based Regulations: Evidence from the Renewable Fuel Standard," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 100(3), pages 707-731.
    7. Berna Karali & Walter N. Thurman, 2009. "Announcement effects and the theory of storage: an empirical study of lumber futures," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 40(4), pages 421-436, July.
    8. Power, Gabriel J. & Turvey, Calum G., 2008. "On Term Structure Models of Commodity Futures Prices and the Kaldor-Working Hypothesis," 2008 Conference, April 21-22, 2008, St. Louis, Missouri 37608, NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management.
    9. Power, Gabriel J. & Robinson, John R.C., 2009. "Cotton Futures Dynamics: Structural Change, Index Traders and the Returns to Storage," 2009 Conference, April 20-21, 2009, St. Louis, Missouri 53044, NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management.
    10. Hiroaki Suenaga, 2013. "A flexible model of term-structure dynamics of commodity prices: a comparative analysis with a two-factor Gaussian model," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 509-526, March.
    11. Algirdas Justinas Staugaitis & Bernardas Vaznonis, 2022. "Financial Speculation Impact on Agricultural and Other Commodity Return Volatility: Implications for Sustainable Development and Food Security," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-27, November.
    12. Bozic, Marin & Fortenbery, T., 2015. "Price Discovery, Volatility Spillovers and Adequacy of Speculation when Spot Prices are Stationary: The Case of U.S. Dairy Markets," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211369, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Zhepeng Hu & Mindy Mallory & Teresa Serra & Philip Garcia, 2020. "Measuring price discovery between nearby and deferred contracts in storable and nonstorable commodity futures markets," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(6), pages 825-840, November.
    14. Jing Ao & Jihui Chen, 2020. "Price Volatility, the Maturity Effect, and Global Oil Prices: Evidence from Chinese Commodity Futures Markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 44(4), pages 627-654, October.
    15. Berna Karali & Jeffrey H. Dorfman & Walter N. Thurman, 2010. "Delivery horizon and grain market volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(9), pages 846-873, September.
    16. Quanbiao Shang & Mindy Mallory & Philip Garcia, 2018. "The components of the bid†ask spread: Evidence from the corn futures market," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(3), pages 381-393, May.
    17. Quanbiao Shang & Teresa Serra & Philip Garcia & Mindy Mallory, 2021. "Looking under the surface: An analysis of iceberg orders in the U.S. agricultural futures markets," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 52(4), pages 679-699, July.
    18. Jin, Na, 2011. "Three essays on commodity futures and options markets," ISU General Staff Papers 201101010800001428, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    19. Xiaoyang Wang & Philip Garcia & Scott H. Irwin, 2014. "The Behavior of Bid-Ask Spreads in the Electronically-Traded Corn Futures Market," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(2), pages 557-577.
    20. Gabriel J. Power & John R. C. Robinson, 2013. "Commodity futures price volatility, convenience yield and economic fundamentals," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(11), pages 1089-1095, July.

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