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Indian Agriculture to 2047: Reshaping Policies for Sustainable Development

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  • Birthal, Pratap S.
  • Srivastava, Shivendra Kumar
  • Saxena, Raka; Godara, S.
  • Chand, Prem
  • Kishore, Prabhat
  • Jumrani, Jaya
  • Kandpal, Ankita
  • Sharma, Purushottam
  • Pant, Devesh Kumar

Abstract

Indian agriculture has reached the stage of unprecedented achievements, accompanied by unprecedented challenges. It has witnessed an all-time high growth of approximately 4% during the past decade ending 2023-24, which is likely to continue with the right set of technologies, policies and institutions. However, it is pertinent to examine the factors underlying these achievements and their associated costs to prepare a roadmap for sustainable growth of agriculture to achieve the national goals of food and nutrition security, and inclusive development. In some states, agricultural sector has emerged as the primary driver of economic growth. However, this occurred because of the intensive use of resources and prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability in most cases. This is evidenced by the factors such as increased use of fertilizers to produce the same amount of output, declining groundwater levels, soil degradation, and environmental pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Birthal, Pratap S. & Srivastava, Shivendra Kumar & Saxena, Raka; Godara, S. & Chand, Prem & Kishore, Prabhat & Jumrani, Jaya & Kandpal, Ankita & Sharma, Purushottam & Pant, Devesh Kumar, 2025. "Indian Agriculture to 2047: Reshaping Policies for Sustainable Development," Policy Papers 358871, ICAR National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:icar24:358871
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.358871
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Digvijay S. Negi & Pratap S. Birthal & Devesh Roy & Jaweriah Hazrana, 2020. "Market access, price policy and diversification in Indian agriculture," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2020-009, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    2. Hazrana, Jaweriah & Birthal, Pratap S. & Mishra, Ashok K., 2025. "Equal exposure, unequal effects of climate change: Gendered impacts on food consumption and nutrition in rural Bangladesh," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    3. Kamal Vatta & R. S. Sidhu & Upmanu Lall & P. S. Birthal & Garima Taneja & Baljinder Kaur & Naresh Devineni & Charlotte MacAlister, 2018. "Assessing the economic impact of a low-cost water-saving irrigation technology in Indian Punjab: the tensiometer," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(2), pages 305-321, February.
    4. Varshney, Deepak & Joshi, P. K. & Kumar, A. & Mishra, A. K. & Dubey, S. K., 2022. "Examining the transfer of knowledge and training to smallholders in India: direct and spillover effects of agricultural advisory services in an emerging economy," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 160:106067..
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