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Values of games with infinitely many players

In: Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications

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  • Neyman, Abraham

Abstract

This chapter studies the theory of value of games with infinitely many players.Games with infinitely many players are models of interactions with many players. Often most of the players are individually insignificant, and are effective in the game only via coalitions. At the same time there may exist big players who retain the power to wield single-handed influence. The interactions are modeled as cooperative games with a continuum of players. In general, the continuum consists of a non-atomic part (the "ocean"), along with (at most countably many) atoms. The continuum provides a convenient framework for mathematical analysis, and approximates the results for large finite games well. Also, it enables a unified view of games with finite, countable, or oceanic player-sets, or indeed any mixture of these.The value is defined as a map from a space of cooperative games to payoffs that satisfies the classical value axioms: additivity (linearity), efficiency, symmetry and positivity. The chapter introduces many spaces for which there exists a unique value, as well as other spaces on which there is a value.A game with infinitely many players can be considered as a limit of finite games with a large number of players. The chapter studies limiting values which are defined by means of the limits of the Shapley value of finite games that approximate the given game with infinitely many players.Various formulas for the value which express the value as an average of marginal contribution are studied. These value formulas capture the idea that the value of a player is his expected marginal contribution to a perfect sample of size t of the set of all players where the size t is uniformly distributed on [0,1]. In the case of smooth games the value formula is a diagonal formula: an integral of marginal contributions which are expressed as partial derivatives and where the integral is over all perfect samples of the set of players. The domain of the formula is further extended by changing the order of integration and derivation and the introduction of a well-crafted infinitesimal perturbation of the perfect samples of the set of players provides a value formula that is applicable to many additional games with essential nondifferentiabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Neyman, Abraham, 2002. "Values of games with infinitely many players," Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, in: R.J. Aumann & S. Hart (ed.), Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 56, pages 2121-2167, Elsevier.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:gamchp:3-56
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Stefano Moretti & Fioravante Patrone, 2008. "Transversality of the Shapley value," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 16(1), pages 1-41, July.
    2. André Casajus & Harald Wiese, 2017. "Scarcity, competition, and value," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 46(2), pages 295-310, May.
    3. M. Amarante & F. Maccheroni & M. Marinacci & L. Montrucchio, 2006. "Cores of non-atomic market games," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 34(3), pages 399-424, October.
    4. Enrique Miranda & Ignacio Montes, 2023. "Centroids of the core of exact capacities: a comparative study," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 321(1), pages 409-449, February.
    5. Avishay Aiche & Anna Rubinchik & Benyamin Shitovitz, 2015. "The asymptotic core, nucleolus and Shapley value of smooth market games with symmetric large players," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 44(1), pages 135-151, February.
    6. Juan Vidal-Puga, 2017. "On the effect of taxation in the online sports betting market," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 8(2), pages 145-175, June.
    7. Boonen, Tim J. & De Waegenaere, Anja & Norde, Henk, 2020. "A generalization of the Aumann–Shapley value for risk capital allocation problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(1), pages 277-287.
    8. Abraham Neyman & Rann Smorodinsky, 2003. "Asymptotic Values of Vector Measure Games," Discussion Paper Series dp344, The Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
    9. Boonen, T.J. & De Waegenaere, A.M.B. & Norde, H.W., 2012. "A Generalization of the Aumann-Shapley Value for Risk Capital Allocation Problems," Other publications TiSEM 2c502ef8-76f0-47f5-ab45-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    10. Abraham Neyman & Rann Smorodinsky, 2004. "Asymptotic Values of Vector Measure Games," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(4), pages 739-775, November.
    11. F. Centrone & A. Martellotti, 2014. "Some Condition for Scalar and Vector Measure Games to Be Lipschitz," International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-10, October.
    12. Luigi Montrucchio & Patrizia Semeraro, 2006. "Refinement Derivatives and Values of Games," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 9, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    13. Luigi Montrucchio & Patrizia Semeraro, 2008. "Refinement Derivatives and Values of Games," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(1), pages 97-118, February.
    14. Hiller, Tobias, 2017. "Quantitative overeducation and cooperative game theory," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 36-40.

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