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Authoritarian Developmentalism in the Digital Age: Selling Techno‐Futures and State Capitalism in the Gulf

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  • Natalie Koch

Abstract

Authoritarian developmentalism, like developmentalism more broadly, draws its strength from political narratives about “progress” and techno‐optimistic stories about the future. Defining ideal futures is always political, and in the digital age, these ideals are dominated by new technologies and globalized economies. This article revisits authoritarian developmentalism research to consider how it works alongside the technology sector. Through a joint case study of post‐oil development agendas in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and their tech‐focused urban boosterism schemes in Neom and Dubai, I show how authoritarian leaders draw on established patterns of promoting state capitalism, while also following global trends of promoting innovation economies and investing in the latest digital technologies like AI. And even as developmental regimes continue to frame their modernization agendas around the promise of national prosperity, today's authoritarian developmentalism is necessarily global as state leaders are pulled into the reward circuits of the technology sector's increasingly international hegemony. 威权发展主义, 如同更广泛意义上的发展主义一样, 其力量源于关于“进步”的政治叙事以及对未来充满科技乐观主义的设想。理想未来的定义始终具有政治性, 而在数字时代, 这些理想则被新兴技术和全球化经济所主导。本文重新审视了威权发展主义的研究, 探讨其如何与科技行业协同运作。通过对沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋后石油时代发展议程及其在新未来城 (Neom) 和迪拜以科技为重点的城市振兴计划的联合案例研究, 本文揭示了威权领导人如何在沿用既有的国家资本主义推广模式的同时, 顺应全球创新经济的趋势, 并投资于人工智能等最新数字技术。尽管发展型政权继续围绕国家繁荣的承诺来构建其现代化议程, 但当今的威权发展主义必然具有全球性, 因为国家领导人已被卷入科技行业日益国际化的利益循环之中。 El desarrollismo autoritario, al igual que el desarrollismo en general, se nutre de narrativas políticas sobre el “progreso” y relatos tecnooptimistas sobre el futuro. Definir futuros ideales siempre es un proceso político, y en la era digital, estos ideales están dominados por las nuevas tecnologías y las economías globalizadas. Este artículo revisa la investigación sobre el desarrollismo autoritario para analizar su interacción con el sector tecnológico. Mediante un estudio de caso conjunto de las agendas de desarrollo post‐petróleo en Arabia Saudita y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, y sus programas de impulso urbano centrados en la tecnología en Neom y Dubái, se demuestra cómo los líderes autoritarios recurren a patrones establecidos para promover el capitalismo de Estado, al tiempo que siguen las tendencias globales de promover economías innovadoras e invertir en las últimas tecnologías digitales, como la inteligencia artificial. Y si bien los regímenes desarrollistas siguen enmarcando sus agendas de modernización en torno a la promesa de prosperidad nacional, el desarrollismo autoritario actual es necesariamente global, ya que los líderes estatales se ven inmersos en los círculos de recompensa de la hegemonía cada vez más internacional del sector tecnológico.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalie Koch, 2025. "Authoritarian Developmentalism in the Digital Age: Selling Techno‐Futures and State Capitalism in the Gulf," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 188(4), December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:188:y:2025:i:4:n:e70043
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.70043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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